FA-91681 / Digital signal filters / Open access

Resampling plan swaps the interpolation and decimation factors · case 01

48 kHz to 44.1 kHz is planned as up 160, down 147 instead of up 147, down 160.

Verified by executionVariant 1 · 7 checks per implementationDownload source bundle ↓JSON ↗

ROOT CAUSE

L and M are taken from fin and fout in the wrong order.

THE FAILURE

L and M are taken from fin and fout in the wrong order.

Unsuccessful approach: The attempted repair takes L from fout but leaves M unreduced as fin.

Case contract

Input [fin, fout, rolloff] (positive integer rates, rolloff in (0, 1]). Reduce fout/fin to up/down = L/M by gcd, intermediate rate = fin L, anti-alias cutoff = min(fin, fout)/2 * rolloff in Hz and normalized to the intermediate Nyquist. Return {"up", "down", "intermediate_rate", "cutoff_hz", "cutoff_norm"} or "bad-spec".

Why this case matters

Sample-rate converters are planned from these numbers; a wrong cutoff reference aliases or dulls the output.

1 / The failure

Exit 1

"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import math
from fractions import Fraction
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    fin, fout, roll = x[0], x[1], Fraction(x[2])
    if fin <= 0 or fout <= 0 or not 0 < roll <= 1:
        return 'bad-spec'
    g = math.gcd(fin, fout)
    L, M = fin // g, fout // g
    inter = fin * L
    cutoff = Fraction(min(fin, fout), 2) * roll
    return {'up': L, 'down': M, 'intermediate_rate': inter, 'cutoff_hz': str(cutoff), 'cutoff_norm': str(cutoff / Fraction(inter, 2))}
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[['regression: 48k to 44.1k', [48000, 44100, '9/10'], {'up': 147, 'down': 160, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['regression: 44.1k to 48k', [44100, 48000, '9/10'], {'up': 160, 'down': 147, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['regression: downsample by 3', [48000, 16000, '1'], {'up': 1, 'down': 3, 'intermediate_rate': 48000, 'cutoff_hz': '8000', 'cutoff_norm': '1/3'}], ['control: bad rolloff', [8000, 16000, '0'], 'bad-spec'], ['regression: upsample by 2', [8000, 16000, '4/5'], {'up': 2, 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'cutoff_hz': '3200', 'cutoff_norm': '2/5'}], ['regression: odd ratio', [22050, 32000, '19/20'], {'up': 640, 'down': 441, 'intermediate_rate': 14112000, 'cutoff_hz': '41895/4', 'cutoff_norm': '19/12800'}], ['regression: coprime rates', [7, 5, '1/2'], {'up': 5, 'down': 7, 'intermediate_rate': 35, 'cutoff_hz': '5/4', 'cutoff_norm': '1/14'}]], [['regression: upsample by 2', [8000, 16000, '4/5'], {'up': 2, 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'cutoff_hz': '3200', 'cutoff_norm': '2/5'}], ['regression: odd ratio', [22050, 32000, '19/20'], {'up': 640, 'down': 441, 'intermediate_rate': 14112000, 'cutoff_hz': '41895/4', 'cutoff_norm': '19/12800'}], ['regression: downsample by 3', [48000, 16000, '1'], {'up': 1, 'down': 3, 'intermediate_rate': 48000, 'cutoff_hz': '8000', 'cutoff_norm': '1/3'}], ['control: bad rolloff', [8000, 16000, '0'], 'bad-spec'], ['regression: coprime rates', [7, 5, '1/2'], {'up': 5, 'down': 7, 'intermediate_rate': 35, 'cutoff_hz': '5/4', 'cutoff_norm': '1/14'}], ['regression: 48k to 44.1k', [48000, 44100, '9/10'], {'up': 147, 'down': 160, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['regression: 44.1k to 48k', [44100, 48000, '9/10'], {'up': 160, 'down': 147, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}]], [['regression: 48k to 44.1k', [48000, 44100, '9/10'], {'up': 147, 'down': 160, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['regression: 44.1k to 48k', [44100, 48000, '9/10'], {'up': 160, 'down': 147, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['repair check: identity', [16000, 16000, '1'], {'up': 1, 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'cutoff_hz': '8000', 'cutoff_norm': '1'}], ['control: bad rolloff', [8000, 16000, '0'], 'bad-spec'], ['regression: upsample by 2', [8000, 16000, '4/5'], {'up': 2, 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'cutoff_hz': '3200', 'cutoff_norm': '2/5'}], ['regression: odd ratio', [22050, 32000, '19/20'], {'up': 640, 'down': 441, 'intermediate_rate': 14112000, 'cutoff_hz': '41895/4', 'cutoff_norm': '19/12800'}], ['regression: coprime rates', [7, 5, '1/2'], {'up': 5, 'down': 7, 'intermediate_rate': 35, 'cutoff_hz': '5/4', 'cutoff_norm': '1/14'}]], [['regression: upsample by 2', [8000, 16000, '4/5'], {'up': 2, 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'cutoff_hz': '3200', 'cutoff_norm': '2/5'}], ['regression: odd ratio', [22050, 32000, '19/20'], {'up': 640, 'down': 441, 'intermediate_rate': 14112000, 'cutoff_hz': '41895/4', 'cutoff_norm': '19/12800'}], ['regression: 48k to 44.1k', [48000, 44100, '9/10'], {'up': 147, 'down': 160, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['control: bad rolloff', [8000, 16000, '0'], 'bad-spec'], ['regression: coprime rates', [7, 5, '1/2'], {'up': 5, 'down': 7, 'intermediate_rate': 35, 'cutoff_hz': '5/4', 'cutoff_norm': '1/14'}], ['regression: 44.1k to 48k', [44100, 48000, '9/10'], {'up': 160, 'down': 147, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['regression: downsample by 3', [48000, 16000, '1'], {'up': 1, 'down': 3, 'intermediate_rate': 48000, 'cutoff_hz': '8000', 'cutoff_norm': '1/3'}]], [['regression: 48k to 44.1k', [48000, 44100, '9/10'], {'up': 147, 'down': 160, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['regression: 44.1k to 48k', [44100, 48000, '9/10'], {'up': 160, 'down': 147, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['regression: downsample by 3', [48000, 16000, '1'], {'up': 1, 'down': 3, 'intermediate_rate': 48000, 'cutoff_hz': '8000', 'cutoff_norm': '1/3'}], ['control: bad rolloff', [8000, 16000, '0'], 'bad-spec'], ['regression: coprime rates', [7, 5, '1/2'], {'up': 5, 'down': 7, 'intermediate_rate': 35, 'cutoff_hz': '5/4', 'cutoff_norm': '1/14'}], ['regression: upsample by 2', [8000, 16000, '4/5'], {'up': 2, 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'cutoff_hz': '3200', 'cutoff_norm': '2/5'}], ['repair check: identity', [16000, 16000, '1'], {'up': 1, 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'cutoff_hz': '8000', 'cutoff_norm': '1'}]]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:
    check(label, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)

Boundary fixture	Actual	Expected	Outcome
regression: 48k to 44.1k	`{'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '1323/256000', 'down': 147, 'intermediate_rate': 7680000, 'up': 160}`	`{'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600', 'down': 160, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'up': 147}`	Failed
regression: 44.1k to 48k	`{'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '3/490', 'down': 160, 'intermediate_rate': 6482700, 'up': 147}`	`{'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600', 'down': 147, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'up': 160}`	Failed
regression: downsample by 3	`{'cutoff_hz': '8000', 'cutoff_norm': '1/9', 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 144000, 'up': 3}`	`{'cutoff_hz': '8000', 'cutoff_norm': '1/3', 'down': 3, 'intermediate_rate': 48000, 'up': 1}`	Failed
control: bad rolloff	`bad-spec`	`bad-spec`	Passed
regression: upsample by 2	`{'cutoff_hz': '3200', 'cutoff_norm': '4/5', 'down': 2, 'intermediate_rate': 8000, 'up': 1}`	`{'cutoff_hz': '3200', 'cutoff_norm': '2/5', 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'up': 2}`	Failed
regression: odd ratio	`{'cutoff_hz': '41895/4', 'cutoff_norm': '19/8820', 'down': 640, 'intermediate_rate': 9724050, 'up': 441}`	`{'cutoff_hz': '41895/4', 'cutoff_norm': '19/12800', 'down': 441, 'intermediate_rate': 14112000, 'up': 640}`	Failed
regression: coprime rates	`{'cutoff_hz': '5/4', 'cutoff_norm': '5/98', 'down': 5, 'intermediate_rate': 49, 'up': 7}`	`{'cutoff_hz': '5/4', 'cutoff_norm': '1/14', 'down': 7, 'intermediate_rate': 35, 'up': 5}`	Failed

SHA-256 / c0a1562855ee827697f04f3580cd4c120fdfeb5bba0f19a9acd5253ae50f163e

2 / The unsuccessful fix

Exit 1

"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import math
from fractions import Fraction
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    fin, fout, roll = x[0], x[1], Fraction(x[2])
    if fin <= 0 or fout <= 0 or not 0 < roll <= 1:
        return 'bad-spec'
    g = math.gcd(fin, fout)
    L, M = fout // g, fin
    inter = fin * L
    cutoff = Fraction(min(fin, fout), 2) * roll
    return {'up': L, 'down': M, 'intermediate_rate': inter, 'cutoff_hz': str(cutoff), 'cutoff_norm': str(cutoff / Fraction(inter, 2))}
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[['regression: 48k to 44.1k', [48000, 44100, '9/10'], {'up': 147, 'down': 160, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['regression: 44.1k to 48k', [44100, 48000, '9/10'], {'up': 160, 'down': 147, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['regression: downsample by 3', [48000, 16000, '1'], {'up': 1, 'down': 3, 'intermediate_rate': 48000, 'cutoff_hz': '8000', 'cutoff_norm': '1/3'}], ['control: bad rolloff', [8000, 16000, '0'], 'bad-spec'], ['regression: upsample by 2', [8000, 16000, '4/5'], {'up': 2, 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'cutoff_hz': '3200', 'cutoff_norm': '2/5'}], ['regression: odd ratio', [22050, 32000, '19/20'], {'up': 640, 'down': 441, 'intermediate_rate': 14112000, 'cutoff_hz': '41895/4', 'cutoff_norm': '19/12800'}], ['regression: coprime rates', [7, 5, '1/2'], {'up': 5, 'down': 7, 'intermediate_rate': 35, 'cutoff_hz': '5/4', 'cutoff_norm': '1/14'}]], [['regression: upsample by 2', [8000, 16000, '4/5'], {'up': 2, 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'cutoff_hz': '3200', 'cutoff_norm': '2/5'}], ['regression: odd ratio', [22050, 32000, '19/20'], {'up': 640, 'down': 441, 'intermediate_rate': 14112000, 'cutoff_hz': '41895/4', 'cutoff_norm': '19/12800'}], ['regression: downsample by 3', [48000, 16000, '1'], {'up': 1, 'down': 3, 'intermediate_rate': 48000, 'cutoff_hz': '8000', 'cutoff_norm': '1/3'}], ['control: bad rolloff', [8000, 16000, '0'], 'bad-spec'], ['regression: coprime rates', [7, 5, '1/2'], {'up': 5, 'down': 7, 'intermediate_rate': 35, 'cutoff_hz': '5/4', 'cutoff_norm': '1/14'}], ['regression: 48k to 44.1k', [48000, 44100, '9/10'], {'up': 147, 'down': 160, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['regression: 44.1k to 48k', [44100, 48000, '9/10'], {'up': 160, 'down': 147, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}]], [['regression: 48k to 44.1k', [48000, 44100, '9/10'], {'up': 147, 'down': 160, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['regression: 44.1k to 48k', [44100, 48000, '9/10'], {'up': 160, 'down': 147, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['repair check: identity', [16000, 16000, '1'], {'up': 1, 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'cutoff_hz': '8000', 'cutoff_norm': '1'}], ['control: bad rolloff', [8000, 16000, '0'], 'bad-spec'], ['regression: upsample by 2', [8000, 16000, '4/5'], {'up': 2, 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'cutoff_hz': '3200', 'cutoff_norm': '2/5'}], ['regression: odd ratio', [22050, 32000, '19/20'], {'up': 640, 'down': 441, 'intermediate_rate': 14112000, 'cutoff_hz': '41895/4', 'cutoff_norm': '19/12800'}], ['regression: coprime rates', [7, 5, '1/2'], {'up': 5, 'down': 7, 'intermediate_rate': 35, 'cutoff_hz': '5/4', 'cutoff_norm': '1/14'}]], [['regression: upsample by 2', [8000, 16000, '4/5'], {'up': 2, 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'cutoff_hz': '3200', 'cutoff_norm': '2/5'}], ['regression: odd ratio', [22050, 32000, '19/20'], {'up': 640, 'down': 441, 'intermediate_rate': 14112000, 'cutoff_hz': '41895/4', 'cutoff_norm': '19/12800'}], ['regression: 48k to 44.1k', [48000, 44100, '9/10'], {'up': 147, 'down': 160, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['control: bad rolloff', [8000, 16000, '0'], 'bad-spec'], ['regression: coprime rates', [7, 5, '1/2'], {'up': 5, 'down': 7, 'intermediate_rate': 35, 'cutoff_hz': '5/4', 'cutoff_norm': '1/14'}], ['regression: 44.1k to 48k', [44100, 48000, '9/10'], {'up': 160, 'down': 147, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['regression: downsample by 3', [48000, 16000, '1'], {'up': 1, 'down': 3, 'intermediate_rate': 48000, 'cutoff_hz': '8000', 'cutoff_norm': '1/3'}]], [['regression: 48k to 44.1k', [48000, 44100, '9/10'], {'up': 147, 'down': 160, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['regression: 44.1k to 48k', [44100, 48000, '9/10'], {'up': 160, 'down': 147, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600'}], ['regression: downsample by 3', [48000, 16000, '1'], {'up': 1, 'down': 3, 'intermediate_rate': 48000, 'cutoff_hz': '8000', 'cutoff_norm': '1/3'}], ['control: bad rolloff', [8000, 16000, '0'], 'bad-spec'], ['regression: coprime rates', [7, 5, '1/2'], {'up': 5, 'down': 7, 'intermediate_rate': 35, 'cutoff_hz': '5/4', 'cutoff_norm': '1/14'}], ['regression: upsample by 2', [8000, 16000, '4/5'], {'up': 2, 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'cutoff_hz': '3200', 'cutoff_norm': '2/5'}], ['repair check: identity', [16000, 16000, '1'], {'up': 1, 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'cutoff_hz': '8000', 'cutoff_norm': '1'}]]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:
    check(label, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)

Boundary fixture	Actual	Expected	Outcome
regression: 48k to 44.1k	`{'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600', 'down': 48000, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'up': 147}`	`{'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600', 'down': 160, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'up': 147}`	Failed
regression: 44.1k to 48k	`{'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600', 'down': 44100, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'up': 160}`	`{'cutoff_hz': '19845', 'cutoff_norm': '9/1600', 'down': 147, 'intermediate_rate': 7056000, 'up': 160}`	Failed
regression: downsample by 3	`{'cutoff_hz': '8000', 'cutoff_norm': '1/3', 'down': 48000, 'intermediate_rate': 48000, 'up': 1}`	`{'cutoff_hz': '8000', 'cutoff_norm': '1/3', 'down': 3, 'intermediate_rate': 48000, 'up': 1}`	Failed
control: bad rolloff	`bad-spec`	`bad-spec`	Passed
regression: upsample by 2	`{'cutoff_hz': '3200', 'cutoff_norm': '2/5', 'down': 8000, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'up': 2}`	`{'cutoff_hz': '3200', 'cutoff_norm': '2/5', 'down': 1, 'intermediate_rate': 16000, 'up': 2}`	Failed
regression: odd ratio	`{'cutoff_hz': '41895/4', 'cutoff_norm': '19/12800', 'down': 22050, 'intermediate_rate': 14112000, 'up': 640}`	`{'cutoff_hz': '41895/4', 'cutoff_norm': '19/12800', 'down': 441, 'intermediate_rate': 14112000, 'up': 640}`	Failed
regression: coprime rates	`{'cutoff_hz': '5/4', 'cutoff_norm': '1/14', 'down': 7, 'intermediate_rate': 35, 'up': 5}`	`{'cutoff_hz': '5/4', 'cutoff_norm': '1/14', 'down': 7, 'intermediate_rate': 35, 'up': 5}`	Passed

SHA-256 / 18fb8777e53f9f055783ac1f7590f16938aedbe80529597c32cfed4f22d0c59f

HELD IN THE MEMBER ARCHIVE

The verified repair and its recorded checks are member-only.

This mechanism has 7 recorded checks per implementation. The open-access tier publishes the failure and the unsuccessful fix; the repaired source that passes every check, and the observations that prove it, are available to members.

Every case sharing this mechanism uses the same contract and the same repair, so this one record is held back for all of them.

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Verification & scope

A deterministic bounded teaching model with a stipulated toy contract; exact rational arithmetic or fixed-decimal rounding keeps outputs strict JSON. It is not a production DSP library and claims no standards conformance. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.

Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:51:38.230453+00:00.

Case digest / 2360365e6b3c3c4b38c08c97a398078c3dfd3081c51b1ee8bd8bceceab771c02