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FA-81671 / MIDI event timing / Open access

Sustain pedal note-off deferral: overlapping re-strike overwrites the earlier note · case 01

Striking a note again while its key is still down loses the first instance entirely.

Verified by executionVariant 1 · 8 checks per implementationDownload source bundle ↓JSON ↗

ROOT CAUSE

Only pedal-held notes are closed on re-strike; a still-pressed note has its start overwritten.

THE FAILURE

Only pedal-held notes are closed on re-strike; a still-pressed note has its start overwritten.

Unsuccessful approach: Dropping the close entirely loses every re-struck instance, including pedal-held ones.

Case contract

Input time-ordered events [tick, kind, value]: kind on/off with a note number, or cc64 with a controller value (pedal down when value >= 64). A note-off while the pedal is down is deferred until the pedal goes up. Re-striking a note that is still sounding ends the previous instance at the new tick. Notes still sounding at the end end at the last event tick. Return sorted [note, start, end] triples.

Why this case matters

MIDI sequencers, file readers and synth drivers depend on exact event ordering and tick/time arithmetic.

1 / The failure

Exit 1
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    if not isinstance(x, list):
        return None
    down = False
    sounding = {}
    held = set()
    done = []
    last = 0
    for tick, kind, value in x:
        last = max(last, tick)
        if kind == 'cc64':
            now_down = value >= 64
            if down and not now_down:
                for n in sorted(held):
                    done.append([n, sounding.pop(n), tick])
                held = set()
            down = now_down
        elif kind == 'on':
            if value in held:
                done.append([value, sounding.pop(value), tick])
                held.discard(value)
            sounding[value] = tick
        elif kind == 'off':
            if value not in sounding:
                continue
            if down:
                held.add(value)
            else:
                done.append([value, sounding.pop(value), tick])
        else:
            return None
    for n in sorted(sounding):
        done.append([n, sounding[n], last])
    done.sort()
    return done
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[([[0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 10]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 20]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 64], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 63]], [[60, 0, 20]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 63], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 10]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 100], [0, 'on', 60], [5, 'off', 60], [8, 'on', 60], [12, 'cc64', 0], [30, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 8], [60, 8, 30]]), ([[0, 'on', 60], [5, 'on', 60], [9, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 5], [60, 5, 9]]), ([[0, 'on', 60], [0, 'on', 64], [7, 'off', 64]], [[60, 0, 7], [64, 0, 7]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [1, 'on', 50], [2, 'on', 52], [3, 'off', 50], [4, 'off', 52], [5, 'on', 50], [9, 'off', 50], [12, 'cc64', 0]], [[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12]])], [([[0, 'cc64', 63], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 10]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 100], [0, 'on', 60], [1, 'on', 64], [5, 'off', 60], [6, 'off', 64], [8, 'on', 60], [12, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 8], [60, 8, 12], [64, 1, 12]]), ([[0, 'on', 60], [5, 'on', 60], [9, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 5], [60, 5, 9]]), ([[0, 'on', 60], [0, 'on', 64], [7, 'off', 64]], [[60, 0, 7], [64, 0, 7]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [0, 'on', 60], [4, 'off', 60], [9, 'on', 62]], [[60, 0, 9], [62, 9, 9]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 1], [0, 'on', 60], [3, 'off', 60], [9, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 3]]), ([[0, 'pb', 0]], None), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [1, 'on', 50], [2, 'on', 52], [3, 'off', 50], [4, 'off', 52], [5, 'on', 50], [9, 'off', 50], [12, 'cc64', 0], [15, 'on', 70], [16, 'off', 70]], [[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12], [70, 15, 16]])], [([[0, 'cc64', 100], [0, 'on', 60], [5, 'off', 60], [8, 'on', 60], [12, 'cc64', 0], [30, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 8], [60, 8, 30]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 100], [0, 'on', 60], [1, 'on', 64], [5, 'off', 60], [6, 'off', 64], [8, 'on', 60], [12, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 8], [60, 8, 12], [64, 1, 12]]), ([[0, 'on', 60], [5, 'on', 60], [9, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 5], [60, 5, 9]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 1], [0, 'on', 60], [3, 'off', 60], [9, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 3]]), ([[0, 'pb', 0]], None), ([], []), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [1, 'on', 50], [2, 'on', 52], [3, 'off', 50], [4, 'off', 52], [5, 'on', 50], [9, 'off', 50], [12, 'cc64', 0]], [[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [1, 'on', 50], [2, 'on', 52], [3, 'off', 50], [4, 'off', 52], [5, 'on', 50], [9, 'off', 50], [12, 'cc64', 0], [15, 'on', 70], [16, 'off', 70]], [[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12], [70, 15, 16]])], [([[0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 10]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 20]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 64], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 63]], [[60, 0, 20]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 100], [0, 'on', 60], [5, 'off', 60], [8, 'on', 60], [12, 'cc64', 0], [30, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 8], [60, 8, 30]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 100], [0, 'on', 60], [1, 'on', 64], [5, 'off', 60], [6, 'off', 64], [8, 'on', 60], [12, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 8], [60, 8, 12], [64, 1, 12]]), ([[0, 'on', 60], [5, 'on', 60], [9, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 5], [60, 5, 9]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [1, 'on', 50], [2, 'on', 52], [3, 'off', 50], [4, 'off', 52], [5, 'on', 50], [9, 'off', 50], [12, 'cc64', 0]], [[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [1, 'on', 50], [2, 'on', 52], [3, 'off', 50], [4, 'off', 52], [5, 'on', 50], [9, 'off', 50], [12, 'cc64', 0], [15, 'on', 70], [16, 'off', 70]], [[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12], [70, 15, 16]])], [([[0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 10]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 20]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 64], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 63]], [[60, 0, 20]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 63], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 10]]), ([[0, 'on', 60], [5, 'on', 60], [9, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 5], [60, 5, 9]]), ([[0, 'on', 60], [0, 'on', 64], [7, 'off', 64]], [[60, 0, 7], [64, 0, 7]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [1, 'on', 50], [2, 'on', 52], [3, 'off', 50], [4, 'off', 52], [5, 'on', 50], [9, 'off', 50], [12, 'cc64', 0]], [[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [1, 'on', 50], [2, 'on', 52], [3, 'off', 50], [4, 'off', 52], [5, 'on', 50], [9, 'off', 50], [12, 'cc64', 0], [15, 'on', 70], [16, 'off', 70]], [[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12], [70, 15, 16]])]]
for i, (args, expected) in enumerate(fixtures[N-1]):
    check("oracle %d" % i, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
oracle 0[[60, 0, 10]][[60, 0, 10]]Passed
oracle 1[[60, 0, 20]][[60, 0, 20]]Passed
oracle 2[[60, 0, 20]][[60, 0, 20]]Passed
oracle 3[[60, 0, 10]][[60, 0, 10]]Passed
oracle 4[[60, 0, 8], [60, 8, 30]][[60, 0, 8], [60, 8, 30]]Passed
oracle 5[[60, 5, 9]][[60, 0, 5], [60, 5, 9]]Failed
oracle 6[[60, 0, 7], [64, 0, 7]][[60, 0, 7], [64, 0, 7]]Passed
oracle 7[[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12]][[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12]]Passed

SHA-256 / ab35fd3770ecf4b8dc9b55a7eb071cd0c7609886a0efee736e9d47fbc2a84a2e

2 / The unsuccessful fix

Exit 1
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    if not isinstance(x, list):
        return None
    down = False
    sounding = {}
    held = set()
    done = []
    last = 0
    for tick, kind, value in x:
        last = max(last, tick)
        if kind == 'cc64':
            now_down = value >= 64
            if down and not now_down:
                for n in sorted(held):
                    done.append([n, sounding.pop(n), tick])
                held = set()
            down = now_down
        elif kind == 'on':
            if value in sounding:
                held.discard(value)
            sounding[value] = tick
        elif kind == 'off':
            if value not in sounding:
                continue
            if down:
                held.add(value)
            else:
                done.append([value, sounding.pop(value), tick])
        else:
            return None
    for n in sorted(sounding):
        done.append([n, sounding[n], last])
    done.sort()
    return done
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[([[0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 10]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 20]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 64], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 63]], [[60, 0, 20]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 63], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 10]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 100], [0, 'on', 60], [5, 'off', 60], [8, 'on', 60], [12, 'cc64', 0], [30, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 8], [60, 8, 30]]), ([[0, 'on', 60], [5, 'on', 60], [9, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 5], [60, 5, 9]]), ([[0, 'on', 60], [0, 'on', 64], [7, 'off', 64]], [[60, 0, 7], [64, 0, 7]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [1, 'on', 50], [2, 'on', 52], [3, 'off', 50], [4, 'off', 52], [5, 'on', 50], [9, 'off', 50], [12, 'cc64', 0]], [[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12]])], [([[0, 'cc64', 63], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 10]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 100], [0, 'on', 60], [1, 'on', 64], [5, 'off', 60], [6, 'off', 64], [8, 'on', 60], [12, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 8], [60, 8, 12], [64, 1, 12]]), ([[0, 'on', 60], [5, 'on', 60], [9, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 5], [60, 5, 9]]), ([[0, 'on', 60], [0, 'on', 64], [7, 'off', 64]], [[60, 0, 7], [64, 0, 7]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [0, 'on', 60], [4, 'off', 60], [9, 'on', 62]], [[60, 0, 9], [62, 9, 9]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 1], [0, 'on', 60], [3, 'off', 60], [9, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 3]]), ([[0, 'pb', 0]], None), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [1, 'on', 50], [2, 'on', 52], [3, 'off', 50], [4, 'off', 52], [5, 'on', 50], [9, 'off', 50], [12, 'cc64', 0], [15, 'on', 70], [16, 'off', 70]], [[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12], [70, 15, 16]])], [([[0, 'cc64', 100], [0, 'on', 60], [5, 'off', 60], [8, 'on', 60], [12, 'cc64', 0], [30, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 8], [60, 8, 30]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 100], [0, 'on', 60], [1, 'on', 64], [5, 'off', 60], [6, 'off', 64], [8, 'on', 60], [12, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 8], [60, 8, 12], [64, 1, 12]]), ([[0, 'on', 60], [5, 'on', 60], [9, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 5], [60, 5, 9]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 1], [0, 'on', 60], [3, 'off', 60], [9, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 3]]), ([[0, 'pb', 0]], None), ([], []), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [1, 'on', 50], [2, 'on', 52], [3, 'off', 50], [4, 'off', 52], [5, 'on', 50], [9, 'off', 50], [12, 'cc64', 0]], [[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [1, 'on', 50], [2, 'on', 52], [3, 'off', 50], [4, 'off', 52], [5, 'on', 50], [9, 'off', 50], [12, 'cc64', 0], [15, 'on', 70], [16, 'off', 70]], [[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12], [70, 15, 16]])], [([[0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 10]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 20]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 64], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 63]], [[60, 0, 20]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 100], [0, 'on', 60], [5, 'off', 60], [8, 'on', 60], [12, 'cc64', 0], [30, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 8], [60, 8, 30]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 100], [0, 'on', 60], [1, 'on', 64], [5, 'off', 60], [6, 'off', 64], [8, 'on', 60], [12, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 8], [60, 8, 12], [64, 1, 12]]), ([[0, 'on', 60], [5, 'on', 60], [9, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 5], [60, 5, 9]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [1, 'on', 50], [2, 'on', 52], [3, 'off', 50], [4, 'off', 52], [5, 'on', 50], [9, 'off', 50], [12, 'cc64', 0]], [[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [1, 'on', 50], [2, 'on', 52], [3, 'off', 50], [4, 'off', 52], [5, 'on', 50], [9, 'off', 50], [12, 'cc64', 0], [15, 'on', 70], [16, 'off', 70]], [[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12], [70, 15, 16]])], [([[0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 10]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 20]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 64], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 63]], [[60, 0, 20]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 63], [0, 'on', 60], [10, 'off', 60], [20, 'cc64', 0]], [[60, 0, 10]]), ([[0, 'on', 60], [5, 'on', 60], [9, 'off', 60]], [[60, 0, 5], [60, 5, 9]]), ([[0, 'on', 60], [0, 'on', 64], [7, 'off', 64]], [[60, 0, 7], [64, 0, 7]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [1, 'on', 50], [2, 'on', 52], [3, 'off', 50], [4, 'off', 52], [5, 'on', 50], [9, 'off', 50], [12, 'cc64', 0]], [[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12]]), ([[0, 'cc64', 127], [1, 'on', 50], [2, 'on', 52], [3, 'off', 50], [4, 'off', 52], [5, 'on', 50], [9, 'off', 50], [12, 'cc64', 0], [15, 'on', 70], [16, 'off', 70]], [[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12], [70, 15, 16]])]]
for i, (args, expected) in enumerate(fixtures[N-1]):
    check("oracle %d" % i, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
oracle 0[[60, 0, 10]][[60, 0, 10]]Passed
oracle 1[[60, 0, 20]][[60, 0, 20]]Passed
oracle 2[[60, 0, 20]][[60, 0, 20]]Passed
oracle 3[[60, 0, 10]][[60, 0, 10]]Passed
oracle 4[[60, 8, 30]][[60, 0, 8], [60, 8, 30]]Failed
oracle 5[[60, 5, 9]][[60, 0, 5], [60, 5, 9]]Failed
oracle 6[[60, 0, 7], [64, 0, 7]][[60, 0, 7], [64, 0, 7]]Passed
oracle 7[[50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12]][[50, 1, 5], [50, 5, 12], [52, 2, 12]]Failed

SHA-256 / f9c31bd27321a2139bf177923a93d608c6b34b33bc0e2cebc598575b305c24c1

HELD IN THE MEMBER ARCHIVE

The verified repair and its recorded checks are member-only.

This mechanism has 8 recorded checks per implementation. The open-access tier publishes the failure and the unsuccessful fix; the repaired source that passes every check, and the observations that prove it, are available to members.

Every case sharing this mechanism uses the same contract and the same repair, so this one record is held back for all of them.

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Verification & scope

A deterministic bounded teaching model with a stipulated toy contract; it is not a complete Standard MIDI File or MIDI 1.0/2.0 implementation. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.

Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:50:05.080104+00:00.

Case digest / 24620704d76a72826ecbc1fb714b80ca0f5ae978fbca11e02ee407a842d2b1ca