FA-81026 / Music interval and transposition theory / Open access

Pitch-class set normal form (right-packed): wrapped members not lifted an octave · case 01

Rotations that wrap past 11 produce negative spans, so a wrapped rotation such as [11,0,4] is never chosen correctly.

Verified by executionVariant 1 · 8 checks per implementationDownload source bundle ↓JSON ↗

ROOT CAUSE

Members moved to the end of a rotation are not raised by twelve, so the span arithmetic sees them below the first member.

VERIFIED REPAIR

Restore the rotation wrap step so that it reads `[p + 12 for p in pcs[:r]]`.

Unsuccessful approach: Lifting one element too many duplicates the rotation start, making every span twelve and every choice a tie.

Case contract

Input a list of integers (reduced mod 12, duplicates removed). Return the normal form: among all rotations of the ascending set, choose the one with the smallest span first-to-last, then smallest span first-to-penultimate, and so on toward the second element; a full tie picks the rotation starting on the lowest pitch class. Empty input returns []; non-integer input returns None.

Why this case matters

Post-tonal analysis tools use normal form to compare and catalogue pitch-class sets.

1 / The failure

Exit 1

"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    if not isinstance(x, list) or not all(isinstance(v, int) for v in x):
        return None
    pcs = sorted(set(v % 12 for v in x))
    if not pcs:
        return []
    n = len(pcs)
    best = None
    for r in range(n):
        rot = pcs[r:] + pcs[:r]
        key = [rot[-1] - rot[0]] + [rot[j] - rot[0] for j in range(n - 2, 0, -1)]
        cand = (key, rot[0])
        if best is None or cand < best[0]:
            best = (cand, [p % 12 for p in rot])
    return best[1]
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[([0, 4, 7], [0, 4, 7]), ([7, 4, 0], [0, 4, 7]), ([11, 0, 4], [11, 0, 4]), ([0, 1, 5, 6, 8], [0, 1, 5, 6, 8]), ([0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9], [8, 9, 0, 1, 3, 5]), ([0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9], [0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9], [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]), ([], [])], [([7, 4, 0], [0, 4, 7]), ([11, 0, 4], [11, 0, 4]), ([0, 1, 5, 6, 8], [0, 1, 5, 6, 8]), ([0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9], [8, 9, 0, 1, 3, 5]), ([0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9], [0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9], [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10], [9, 10, 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7]), ([0, 4, 8], [0, 4, 8])], [([11, 0, 4], [11, 0, 4]), ([0, 1, 5, 6, 8], [0, 1, 5, 6, 8]), ([0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9], [0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9], [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10], [9, 10, 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7]), ([0, 4, 8], [0, 4, 8]), ([0, 3, 6, 9], [0, 3, 6, 9]), ([0, 6], [0, 6])], [([0, 1, 5, 6, 8], [0, 1, 5, 6, 8]), ([0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9], [0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9], [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 4, 8], [0, 4, 8]), ([0, 3, 6, 9], [0, 3, 6, 9]), ([0, 6], [0, 6]), ([9, 0, 4, 4, 16], [9, 0, 4]), ([2, 5, 9], [2, 5, 9])], [([0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9], [8, 9, 0, 1, 3, 5]), ([0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9], [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10], [9, 10, 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7]), ([0, 3, 6, 9], [0, 3, 6, 9]), ([9, 0, 4, 4, 16], [9, 0, 4]), ([2, 5, 9], [2, 5, 9]), ([10, 2, 5], [10, 2, 5]), ([1, 5, 8], [1, 5, 8])]]
for i, (args, expected) in enumerate(fixtures[N-1]):
    check("oracle %d" % i, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)

Boundary fixture	Actual	Expected	Outcome
oracle 0	`[4, 7, 0]`	`[0, 4, 7]`	Failed
oracle 1	`[4, 7, 0]`	`[0, 4, 7]`	Failed
oracle 2	`[11, 0, 4]`	`[11, 0, 4]`	Passed
oracle 3	`[5, 6, 8, 0, 1]`	`[0, 1, 5, 6, 8]`	Failed
oracle 4	`[8, 9, 0, 1, 3, 5]`	`[8, 9, 0, 1, 3, 5]`	Passed
oracle 5	`[6, 7, 9, 0, 2, 3]`	`[0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9]`	Failed
oracle 6	`[5, 6, 7, 9, 0, 1, 2]`	`[0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]`	Failed
oracle 7	`[]`	`[]`	Passed

SHA-256 / 48691764dcef6357784f06bcf831bb092f13b8c12d43aa52a3d6c9ed5c71039c

2 / The unsuccessful fix

Exit 1

"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    if not isinstance(x, list) or not all(isinstance(v, int) for v in x):
        return None
    pcs = sorted(set(v % 12 for v in x))
    if not pcs:
        return []
    n = len(pcs)
    best = None
    for r in range(n):
        rot = pcs[r:] + [p + 12 for p in pcs[:r + 1]]
        key = [rot[-1] - rot[0]] + [rot[j] - rot[0] for j in range(n - 2, 0, -1)]
        cand = (key, rot[0])
        if best is None or cand < best[0]:
            best = (cand, [p % 12 for p in rot])
    return best[1]
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[([0, 4, 7], [0, 4, 7]), ([7, 4, 0], [0, 4, 7]), ([11, 0, 4], [11, 0, 4]), ([0, 1, 5, 6, 8], [0, 1, 5, 6, 8]), ([0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9], [8, 9, 0, 1, 3, 5]), ([0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9], [0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9], [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]), ([], [])], [([7, 4, 0], [0, 4, 7]), ([11, 0, 4], [11, 0, 4]), ([0, 1, 5, 6, 8], [0, 1, 5, 6, 8]), ([0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9], [8, 9, 0, 1, 3, 5]), ([0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9], [0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9], [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10], [9, 10, 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7]), ([0, 4, 8], [0, 4, 8])], [([11, 0, 4], [11, 0, 4]), ([0, 1, 5, 6, 8], [0, 1, 5, 6, 8]), ([0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9], [0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9], [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10], [9, 10, 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7]), ([0, 4, 8], [0, 4, 8]), ([0, 3, 6, 9], [0, 3, 6, 9]), ([0, 6], [0, 6])], [([0, 1, 5, 6, 8], [0, 1, 5, 6, 8]), ([0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9], [0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9], [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 4, 8], [0, 4, 8]), ([0, 3, 6, 9], [0, 3, 6, 9]), ([0, 6], [0, 6]), ([9, 0, 4, 4, 16], [9, 0, 4]), ([2, 5, 9], [2, 5, 9])], [([0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9], [8, 9, 0, 1, 3, 5]), ([0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9], [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10], [9, 10, 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7]), ([0, 3, 6, 9], [0, 3, 6, 9]), ([9, 0, 4, 4, 16], [9, 0, 4]), ([2, 5, 9], [2, 5, 9]), ([10, 2, 5], [10, 2, 5]), ([1, 5, 8], [1, 5, 8])]]
for i, (args, expected) in enumerate(fixtures[N-1]):
    check("oracle %d" % i, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)

Boundary fixture	Actual	Expected	Outcome
oracle 0	`[4, 7, 0, 4]`	`[0, 4, 7]`	Failed
oracle 1	`[4, 7, 0, 4]`	`[0, 4, 7]`	Failed
oracle 2	`[11, 0, 4, 11]`	`[11, 0, 4]`	Failed
oracle 3	`[0, 1, 5, 6, 8, 0]`	`[0, 1, 5, 6, 8]`	Failed
oracle 4	`[8, 9, 0, 1, 3, 5, 8]`	`[8, 9, 0, 1, 3, 5]`	Failed
oracle 5	`[2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 0, 2]`	`[0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9]`	Failed
oracle 6	`[0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 0]`	`[0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]`	Failed
oracle 7	`[]`	`[]`	Passed

SHA-256 / 32797b63e1bd0d076c73d6acdd77e0b12898170787f89b78ae8210a08f67290b

3 / The verified repair

Exit 0

"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    if not isinstance(x, list) or not all(isinstance(v, int) for v in x):
        return None
    pcs = sorted(set(v % 12 for v in x))
    if not pcs:
        return []
    n = len(pcs)
    best = None
    for r in range(n):
        rot = pcs[r:] + [p + 12 for p in pcs[:r]]
        key = [rot[-1] - rot[0]] + [rot[j] - rot[0] for j in range(n - 2, 0, -1)]
        cand = (key, rot[0])
        if best is None or cand < best[0]:
            best = (cand, [p % 12 for p in rot])
    return best[1]
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[([0, 4, 7], [0, 4, 7]), ([7, 4, 0], [0, 4, 7]), ([11, 0, 4], [11, 0, 4]), ([0, 1, 5, 6, 8], [0, 1, 5, 6, 8]), ([0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9], [8, 9, 0, 1, 3, 5]), ([0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9], [0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9], [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]), ([], [])], [([7, 4, 0], [0, 4, 7]), ([11, 0, 4], [11, 0, 4]), ([0, 1, 5, 6, 8], [0, 1, 5, 6, 8]), ([0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9], [8, 9, 0, 1, 3, 5]), ([0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9], [0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9], [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10], [9, 10, 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7]), ([0, 4, 8], [0, 4, 8])], [([11, 0, 4], [11, 0, 4]), ([0, 1, 5, 6, 8], [0, 1, 5, 6, 8]), ([0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9], [0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9], [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10], [9, 10, 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7]), ([0, 4, 8], [0, 4, 8]), ([0, 3, 6, 9], [0, 3, 6, 9]), ([0, 6], [0, 6])], [([0, 1, 5, 6, 8], [0, 1, 5, 6, 8]), ([0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9], [0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9], [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 4, 8], [0, 4, 8]), ([0, 3, 6, 9], [0, 3, 6, 9]), ([0, 6], [0, 6]), ([9, 0, 4, 4, 16], [9, 0, 4]), ([2, 5, 9], [2, 5, 9])], [([0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9], [8, 9, 0, 1, 3, 5]), ([0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9], [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]), ([0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10], [9, 10, 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7]), ([0, 3, 6, 9], [0, 3, 6, 9]), ([9, 0, 4, 4, 16], [9, 0, 4]), ([2, 5, 9], [2, 5, 9]), ([10, 2, 5], [10, 2, 5]), ([1, 5, 8], [1, 5, 8])]]
for i, (args, expected) in enumerate(fixtures[N-1]):
    check("oracle %d" % i, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)

Boundary fixture	Actual	Expected	Outcome
oracle 0	`[0, 4, 7]`	`[0, 4, 7]`	Passed
oracle 1	`[0, 4, 7]`	`[0, 4, 7]`	Passed
oracle 2	`[11, 0, 4]`	`[11, 0, 4]`	Passed
oracle 3	`[0, 1, 5, 6, 8]`	`[0, 1, 5, 6, 8]`	Passed
oracle 4	`[8, 9, 0, 1, 3, 5]`	`[8, 9, 0, 1, 3, 5]`	Passed
oracle 5	`[0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9]`	`[0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9]`	Passed
oracle 6	`[0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]`	`[0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9]`	Passed
oracle 7	`[]`	`[]`	Passed

SHA-256 / 30e577db9966a94df4611aaf999ebb18819c8803fccd1b0f9163e5113d54814f

Verification & scope

A deterministic bounded teaching model with a stipulated toy contract; it is not a complete music notation or theory engine. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.

Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:49:59.253845+00:00.

Case digest / c74f8df5af5fac1b493bbfa2963edac8bb5d4d0de320232cfce5cd7bba24e13c