FA-74931 / CRDT convergence / Open access
Observed-remove set with unique tags: add tags collide across replicas · case 01
Removing an element at one replica also cancels a concurrent add of the same element elsewhere.
ROOT CAUSE
Tags are built from the per-replica counter alone, so different replicas mint identical tags.
VERIFIED REPAIR
Include the replica identity in every tag so tags are globally unique.
Unsuccessful approach: Prefixing the element name still collides when two replicas add the same element with equal counters.
Case contract
Each add at replica r creates tag "r:k" where k is r's add counter. A remove at r tombstones only the tags of that element r currently observes and removes them locally. ["merge", s, d] unions tombstones and live tags into d, then subtracts d's tombstones and drops elements with no live tags. Return sorted members per replica.
Why this case matters
Observed-remove sets give add-wins semantics for concurrent add/remove pairs.
1 / The failure
Exit 1"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(ops, replicas):
seq = {r: 0 for r in replicas}
live = {r: {} for r in replicas}
dead = {r: set() for r in replicas}
for op in ops:
kind = op[0]
if kind == 'add':
r, e = op[1], op[2]
seq[r] += 1
live[r].setdefault(e, set()).add(str(seq[r]))
elif kind == 'rem':
r, e = op[1], op[2]
dead[r] |= live[r].pop(e, set())
else:
s, d = op[1], op[2]
dead[d] |= dead[s]
for e, tags in live[s].items():
live[d].setdefault(e, set()).update(tags)
for e in list(live[d]):
live[d][e] -= dead[d]
if not live[d][e]:
del live[d][e]
return [sorted(live[r]) for r in replicas]
def check(label, actual, expected):
observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
cases = {
1: [('concurrent add survives remove elsewhere', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('same counters on different replicas do not collide', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'b', 'x'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('removal propagates by merge', [[['add', 'a', 'e1'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'e1'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('local remove is visible immediately', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'y'], ['rem', 'a', 'x']], ['a', 'b']], [['y'], []]), ('own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers', [[['add', 'a', 'z'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'z'], ['add', 'b', 'w'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['w'], ['w']]), ('removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver', [[['add', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['rem', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('multiple elements', [[['add', 'a', 'p'], ['add', 'b', 'q'], ['add', 'a', 'r'], ['add', 'b', 'm0'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r']]), ('receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag', [[['add', 'a', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['t'], []])],
2: [('concurrent add survives remove elsewhere', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('same counters on different replicas do not collide', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'b', 'x'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('removal propagates by merge', [[['add', 'a', 'e2'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'e2'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('local remove is visible immediately', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'y'], ['rem', 'a', 'x']], ['a', 'b']], [['y'], []]), ('own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers', [[['add', 'a', 'z'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'z'], ['add', 'b', 'w'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['w'], ['w']]), ('removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver', [[['add', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['rem', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('multiple elements', [[['add', 'a', 'p'], ['add', 'b', 'q'], ['add', 'a', 'r'], ['add', 'b', 'm0'], ['add', 'b', 'm1'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [['m0', 'm1', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'm1', 'p', 'q', 'r']]), ('receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag', [[['add', 'a', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['t'], []])],
3: [('concurrent add survives remove elsewhere', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('same counters on different replicas do not collide', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'b', 'x'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('removal propagates by merge', [[['add', 'a', 'e3'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'e3'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('local remove is visible immediately', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'y'], ['rem', 'a', 'x']], ['a', 'b']], [['y'], []]), ('own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers', [[['add', 'a', 'z'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'z'], ['add', 'b', 'w'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['w'], ['w']]), ('removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver', [[['add', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['rem', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('multiple elements', [[['add', 'a', 'p'], ['add', 'b', 'q'], ['add', 'a', 'r'], ['add', 'b', 'm0'], ['add', 'b', 'm1'], ['add', 'b', 'm2'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'p', 'q', 'r']]), ('receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag', [[['add', 'a', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['t'], []])],
4: [('concurrent add survives remove elsewhere', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('same counters on different replicas do not collide', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'b', 'x'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('removal propagates by merge', [[['add', 'a', 'e4'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'e4'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('local remove is visible immediately', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'y'], ['rem', 'a', 'x']], ['a', 'b']], [['y'], []]), ('own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers', [[['add', 'a', 'z'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'z'], ['add', 'b', 'w'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['w'], ['w']]), ('removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver', [[['add', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['rem', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('multiple elements', [[['add', 'a', 'p'], ['add', 'b', 'q'], ['add', 'a', 'r'], ['add', 'b', 'm0'], ['add', 'b', 'm1'], ['add', 'b', 'm2'], ['add', 'b', 'm3'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'm3', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'm3', 'p', 'q', 'r']]), ('receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag', [[['add', 'a', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['t'], []])],
5: [('concurrent add survives remove elsewhere', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('same counters on different replicas do not collide', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'b', 'x'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('removal propagates by merge', [[['add', 'a', 'e5'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'e5'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('local remove is visible immediately', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'y'], ['rem', 'a', 'x']], ['a', 'b']], [['y'], []]), ('own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers', [[['add', 'a', 'z'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'z'], ['add', 'b', 'w'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['w'], ['w']]), ('removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver', [[['add', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['rem', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('multiple elements', [[['add', 'a', 'p'], ['add', 'b', 'q'], ['add', 'a', 'r'], ['add', 'b', 'm0'], ['add', 'b', 'm1'], ['add', 'b', 'm2'], ['add', 'b', 'm3'], ['add', 'b', 'm4'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'm3', 'm4', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'm3', 'm4', 'p', 'q', 'r']]), ('receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag', [[['add', 'a', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['t'], []])],
}[N]
for label, args, expected in cases:
check(label, solve(*args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
| Boundary fixture | Actual | Expected | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| concurrent add survives remove elsewhere | [['x'], ['x']] | [['x'], ['x']] | Passed |
| same counters on different replicas do not collide | [[], []] | [['x'], ['x']] | Failed |
| removal propagates by merge | [[], []] | [[], []] | Passed |
| local remove is visible immediately | [['y'], []] | [['y'], []] | Passed |
| own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers | [[], []] | [['w'], ['w']] | Failed |
| removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver | [[], []] | [[], []] | Passed |
| multiple elements | [['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r']] | [['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r']] | Passed |
| receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag | [['t'], []] | [['t'], []] | Passed |
SHA-256 / af6cd5d550a04fb47a52c06cb3050f68b024829deeabbc4be6ce4a2dcbe4214c
2 / The unsuccessful fix
Exit 1"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(ops, replicas):
seq = {r: 0 for r in replicas}
live = {r: {} for r in replicas}
dead = {r: set() for r in replicas}
for op in ops:
kind = op[0]
if kind == 'add':
r, e = op[1], op[2]
seq[r] += 1
live[r].setdefault(e, set()).add(e + ':' + str(seq[r]))
elif kind == 'rem':
r, e = op[1], op[2]
dead[r] |= live[r].pop(e, set())
else:
s, d = op[1], op[2]
dead[d] |= dead[s]
for e, tags in live[s].items():
live[d].setdefault(e, set()).update(tags)
for e in list(live[d]):
live[d][e] -= dead[d]
if not live[d][e]:
del live[d][e]
return [sorted(live[r]) for r in replicas]
def check(label, actual, expected):
observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
cases = {
1: [('concurrent add survives remove elsewhere', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('same counters on different replicas do not collide', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'b', 'x'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('removal propagates by merge', [[['add', 'a', 'e1'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'e1'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('local remove is visible immediately', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'y'], ['rem', 'a', 'x']], ['a', 'b']], [['y'], []]), ('own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers', [[['add', 'a', 'z'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'z'], ['add', 'b', 'w'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['w'], ['w']]), ('removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver', [[['add', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['rem', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('multiple elements', [[['add', 'a', 'p'], ['add', 'b', 'q'], ['add', 'a', 'r'], ['add', 'b', 'm0'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r']]), ('receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag', [[['add', 'a', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['t'], []])],
2: [('concurrent add survives remove elsewhere', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('same counters on different replicas do not collide', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'b', 'x'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('removal propagates by merge', [[['add', 'a', 'e2'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'e2'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('local remove is visible immediately', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'y'], ['rem', 'a', 'x']], ['a', 'b']], [['y'], []]), ('own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers', [[['add', 'a', 'z'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'z'], ['add', 'b', 'w'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['w'], ['w']]), ('removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver', [[['add', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['rem', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('multiple elements', [[['add', 'a', 'p'], ['add', 'b', 'q'], ['add', 'a', 'r'], ['add', 'b', 'm0'], ['add', 'b', 'm1'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [['m0', 'm1', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'm1', 'p', 'q', 'r']]), ('receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag', [[['add', 'a', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['t'], []])],
3: [('concurrent add survives remove elsewhere', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('same counters on different replicas do not collide', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'b', 'x'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('removal propagates by merge', [[['add', 'a', 'e3'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'e3'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('local remove is visible immediately', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'y'], ['rem', 'a', 'x']], ['a', 'b']], [['y'], []]), ('own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers', [[['add', 'a', 'z'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'z'], ['add', 'b', 'w'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['w'], ['w']]), ('removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver', [[['add', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['rem', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('multiple elements', [[['add', 'a', 'p'], ['add', 'b', 'q'], ['add', 'a', 'r'], ['add', 'b', 'm0'], ['add', 'b', 'm1'], ['add', 'b', 'm2'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'p', 'q', 'r']]), ('receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag', [[['add', 'a', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['t'], []])],
4: [('concurrent add survives remove elsewhere', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('same counters on different replicas do not collide', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'b', 'x'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('removal propagates by merge', [[['add', 'a', 'e4'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'e4'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('local remove is visible immediately', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'y'], ['rem', 'a', 'x']], ['a', 'b']], [['y'], []]), ('own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers', [[['add', 'a', 'z'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'z'], ['add', 'b', 'w'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['w'], ['w']]), ('removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver', [[['add', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['rem', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('multiple elements', [[['add', 'a', 'p'], ['add', 'b', 'q'], ['add', 'a', 'r'], ['add', 'b', 'm0'], ['add', 'b', 'm1'], ['add', 'b', 'm2'], ['add', 'b', 'm3'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'm3', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'm3', 'p', 'q', 'r']]), ('receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag', [[['add', 'a', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['t'], []])],
5: [('concurrent add survives remove elsewhere', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('same counters on different replicas do not collide', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'b', 'x'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('removal propagates by merge', [[['add', 'a', 'e5'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'e5'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('local remove is visible immediately', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'y'], ['rem', 'a', 'x']], ['a', 'b']], [['y'], []]), ('own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers', [[['add', 'a', 'z'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'z'], ['add', 'b', 'w'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['w'], ['w']]), ('removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver', [[['add', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['rem', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('multiple elements', [[['add', 'a', 'p'], ['add', 'b', 'q'], ['add', 'a', 'r'], ['add', 'b', 'm0'], ['add', 'b', 'm1'], ['add', 'b', 'm2'], ['add', 'b', 'm3'], ['add', 'b', 'm4'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'm3', 'm4', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'm3', 'm4', 'p', 'q', 'r']]), ('receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag', [[['add', 'a', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['t'], []])],
}[N]
for label, args, expected in cases:
check(label, solve(*args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
| Boundary fixture | Actual | Expected | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| concurrent add survives remove elsewhere | [['x'], ['x']] | [['x'], ['x']] | Passed |
| same counters on different replicas do not collide | [[], []] | [['x'], ['x']] | Failed |
| removal propagates by merge | [[], []] | [[], []] | Passed |
| local remove is visible immediately | [['y'], []] | [['y'], []] | Passed |
| own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers | [['w'], ['w']] | [['w'], ['w']] | Passed |
| removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver | [[], []] | [[], []] | Passed |
| multiple elements | [['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r']] | [['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r']] | Passed |
| receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag | [['t'], []] | [['t'], []] | Passed |
SHA-256 / 3a1cc2c4cd52322adae60bfbdffc8cd0ee9dc4017edd2b3a5b9281b6e485576e
3 / The verified repair
Exit 0"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(ops, replicas):
seq = {r: 0 for r in replicas}
live = {r: {} for r in replicas}
dead = {r: set() for r in replicas}
for op in ops:
kind = op[0]
if kind == 'add':
r, e = op[1], op[2]
seq[r] += 1
live[r].setdefault(e, set()).add(r + ':' + str(seq[r]))
elif kind == 'rem':
r, e = op[1], op[2]
dead[r] |= live[r].pop(e, set())
else:
s, d = op[1], op[2]
dead[d] |= dead[s]
for e, tags in live[s].items():
live[d].setdefault(e, set()).update(tags)
for e in list(live[d]):
live[d][e] -= dead[d]
if not live[d][e]:
del live[d][e]
return [sorted(live[r]) for r in replicas]
def check(label, actual, expected):
observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
cases = {
1: [('concurrent add survives remove elsewhere', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('same counters on different replicas do not collide', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'b', 'x'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('removal propagates by merge', [[['add', 'a', 'e1'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'e1'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('local remove is visible immediately', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'y'], ['rem', 'a', 'x']], ['a', 'b']], [['y'], []]), ('own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers', [[['add', 'a', 'z'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'z'], ['add', 'b', 'w'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['w'], ['w']]), ('removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver', [[['add', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['rem', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('multiple elements', [[['add', 'a', 'p'], ['add', 'b', 'q'], ['add', 'a', 'r'], ['add', 'b', 'm0'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r']]), ('receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag', [[['add', 'a', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['t'], []])],
2: [('concurrent add survives remove elsewhere', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('same counters on different replicas do not collide', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'b', 'x'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('removal propagates by merge', [[['add', 'a', 'e2'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'e2'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('local remove is visible immediately', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'y'], ['rem', 'a', 'x']], ['a', 'b']], [['y'], []]), ('own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers', [[['add', 'a', 'z'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'z'], ['add', 'b', 'w'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['w'], ['w']]), ('removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver', [[['add', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['rem', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('multiple elements', [[['add', 'a', 'p'], ['add', 'b', 'q'], ['add', 'a', 'r'], ['add', 'b', 'm0'], ['add', 'b', 'm1'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [['m0', 'm1', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'm1', 'p', 'q', 'r']]), ('receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag', [[['add', 'a', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['t'], []])],
3: [('concurrent add survives remove elsewhere', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('same counters on different replicas do not collide', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'b', 'x'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('removal propagates by merge', [[['add', 'a', 'e3'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'e3'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('local remove is visible immediately', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'y'], ['rem', 'a', 'x']], ['a', 'b']], [['y'], []]), ('own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers', [[['add', 'a', 'z'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'z'], ['add', 'b', 'w'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['w'], ['w']]), ('removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver', [[['add', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['rem', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('multiple elements', [[['add', 'a', 'p'], ['add', 'b', 'q'], ['add', 'a', 'r'], ['add', 'b', 'm0'], ['add', 'b', 'm1'], ['add', 'b', 'm2'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'p', 'q', 'r']]), ('receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag', [[['add', 'a', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['t'], []])],
4: [('concurrent add survives remove elsewhere', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('same counters on different replicas do not collide', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'b', 'x'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('removal propagates by merge', [[['add', 'a', 'e4'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'e4'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('local remove is visible immediately', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'y'], ['rem', 'a', 'x']], ['a', 'b']], [['y'], []]), ('own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers', [[['add', 'a', 'z'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'z'], ['add', 'b', 'w'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['w'], ['w']]), ('removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver', [[['add', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['rem', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('multiple elements', [[['add', 'a', 'p'], ['add', 'b', 'q'], ['add', 'a', 'r'], ['add', 'b', 'm0'], ['add', 'b', 'm1'], ['add', 'b', 'm2'], ['add', 'b', 'm3'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'm3', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'm3', 'p', 'q', 'r']]), ('receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag', [[['add', 'a', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['t'], []])],
5: [('concurrent add survives remove elsewhere', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('same counters on different replicas do not collide', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'b', 'x'], ['rem', 'b', 'x'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['x'], ['x']]), ('removal propagates by merge', [[['add', 'a', 'e5'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'e5'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('local remove is visible immediately', [[['add', 'a', 'x'], ['add', 'a', 'y'], ['rem', 'a', 'x']], ['a', 'b']], [['y'], []]), ('own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers', [[['add', 'a', 'z'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'a', 'z'], ['add', 'b', 'w'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['w'], ['w']]), ('removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver', [[['add', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a'], ['rem', 'b', 'k'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [[], []]), ('multiple elements', [[['add', 'a', 'p'], ['add', 'b', 'q'], ['add', 'a', 'r'], ['add', 'b', 'm0'], ['add', 'b', 'm1'], ['add', 'b', 'm2'], ['add', 'b', 'm3'], ['add', 'b', 'm4'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['merge', 'b', 'a']], ['a', 'b']], [['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'm3', 'm4', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'm1', 'm2', 'm3', 'm4', 'p', 'q', 'r']]), ('receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag', [[['add', 'a', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b'], ['rem', 'b', 't'], ['merge', 'a', 'b']], ['a', 'b']], [['t'], []])],
}[N]
for label, args, expected in cases:
check(label, solve(*args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
| Boundary fixture | Actual | Expected | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| concurrent add survives remove elsewhere | [['x'], ['x']] | [['x'], ['x']] | Passed |
| same counters on different replicas do not collide | [['x'], ['x']] | [['x'], ['x']] | Passed |
| removal propagates by merge | [[], []] | [[], []] | Passed |
| local remove is visible immediately | [['y'], []] | [['y'], []] | Passed |
| own earlier removes are not undone by stale peers | [['w'], ['w']] | [['w'], ['w']] | Passed |
| removed element absent from sender is dropped at receiver | [[], []] | [[], []] | Passed |
| multiple elements | [['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r']] | [['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r'], ['m0', 'p', 'q', 'r']] | Passed |
| receiver own tombstone blocks resurrected tag | [['t'], []] | [['t'], []] | Passed |
SHA-256 / 82f00ca260a448b855640660956716535c72ae143c297514f6470809f1fd720e
Verification & scope
A deterministic, bounded teaching model of one replicated data type with stipulated operation and merge rules; it is not a production CRDT library and makes no claim of conformance to any specific published design. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.
Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:49:01.317553+00:00.
Case digest / 2f6befed3ed2982d7dc550e6ac73e82a6c2e1ebbc13ab5802704accd0398e86b