FA-74421 / Experiment statistics / Open access
Relative lift interval: Lift is reported as an absolute difference · case 01
A relative-lift dashboard shows raw metric deltas as if they were percentages.
ROOT CAUSE
lift is mean_t - mean_c.
VERIFIED REPAIR
Compute lift as mean_t / mean_c - 1.
Unsuccessful approach: Dividing the difference by the treatment mean uses the wrong baseline.
Case contract
lift = mean_t / mean_c - 1. With variances of the means v_t = var_t/n_t and v_c = var_c/n_c, the delta-method variance is v_t/mean_c^2 + mean_t^2 v_c / mean_c^4 and the interval is lift +/- z * sqrt(variance). mean_c = 0 or nonpositive n -> None. Return [lift, low, high] rounded to 6 places.
Why this case matters
Online experiment readouts drive launch decisions; a silent formula slip flips conclusions.
1 / The failure
Exit 1"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import math
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(mean_c, var_c, n_c, mean_t, var_t, n_t, z):
if mean_c == 0 or n_c <= 0 or n_t <= 0:
return None
lift = mean_t - mean_c
se_t = var_t / n_t
se_c = var_c / n_c
v = se_t / mean_c ** 2 + mean_t ** 2 * se_c / mean_c ** 4
half = z * math.sqrt(v)
return [round(lift, 6), round(lift - half, 6), round(lift + half, 6)]
def check(label, actual, expected):
observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[('ten percent lift', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 11.0, 4.0, 400, 1.96], [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137]),
('treatment below control', [2.0, 1.0, 100, 1.5, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275]),
('equal means still carry control noise',
[4.0, 9.0, 1000, 4.0, 1.0, 1000, 1.645],
[0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125]),
('small means', [0.5, 0.25, 250, 0.6, 0.3, 250, 1.96], [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413]),
('zero control mean', [0.0, 1.0, 10, 1.0, 1.0, 10, 1.96], None),
('summary statistic sample 1', [4.0, 4.0, 1000, 0.45, 16.0, 250, 1.96], [-0.8875, -1.01151, -0.76349]),
('summary statistic sample 2', [10.0, 9.0, 400, 3.0, 1.0, 250, 1.645], [-0.7, -0.712769, -0.687231]),
('summary statistic sample 3', [2.0, 1.0, 400, 4.0, 1.0, 250, 1.645], [1.0, 0.90268, 1.09732])],
[('ten percent lift', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 11.0, 4.0, 400, 1.96], [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137]),
('treatment below control', [2.0, 1.0, 100, 1.5, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275]),
('equal means still carry control noise',
[4.0, 9.0, 1000, 4.0, 1.0, 1000, 1.645],
[0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125]),
('small means', [0.5, 0.25, 250, 0.6, 0.3, 250, 1.96], [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413]),
('zero control mean', [0.0, 1.0, 10, 1.0, 1.0, 10, 1.96], None),
('summary statistic sample 5', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 4.0, 4.0, 1000, 1.645], [-0.6, -0.61231, -0.58769]),
('summary statistic sample 6', [10.0, 9.0, 1000, 2.2, 4.0, 1000, 1.645], [-0.78, -0.790956, -0.769044]),
('summary statistic sample 7', [2.0, 9.0, 400, 10.5, 1.0, 100, 1.645], [4.25, 3.59708, 4.90292])],
[('ten percent lift', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 11.0, 4.0, 400, 1.96], [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137]),
('treatment below control', [2.0, 1.0, 100, 1.5, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275]),
('equal means still carry control noise',
[4.0, 9.0, 1000, 4.0, 1.0, 1000, 1.645],
[0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125]),
('small means', [0.5, 0.25, 250, 0.6, 0.3, 250, 1.96], [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413]),
('zero control mean', [0.0, 1.0, 10, 1.0, 1.0, 10, 1.96], None),
('summary statistic sample 11', [4.0, 4.0, 400, 10.5, 16.0, 1000, 1.96], [1.625, 1.48222, 1.76778]),
('summary statistic sample 12', [10.0, 9.0, 400, 0.45, 1.0, 250, 1.96], [-0.955, -0.967467, -0.942533]),
('summary statistic sample 13', [0.5, 1.0, 1000, 10.5, 4.0, 100, 1.645], [20.0, 17.718248, 22.281752])],
[('ten percent lift', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 11.0, 4.0, 400, 1.96], [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137]),
('treatment below control', [2.0, 1.0, 100, 1.5, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275]),
('equal means still carry control noise',
[4.0, 9.0, 1000, 4.0, 1.0, 1000, 1.645],
[0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125]),
('small means', [0.5, 0.25, 250, 0.6, 0.3, 250, 1.96], [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413]),
('zero control mean', [0.0, 1.0, 10, 1.0, 1.0, 10, 1.96], None),
('summary statistic sample 16', [4.0, 9.0, 100, 4.0, 4.0, 250, 1.645], [0.0, -0.133893, 0.133893]),
('summary statistic sample 17', [4.0, 1.0, 100, 4.0, 16.0, 1000, 1.645], [0.0, -0.066312, 0.066312]),
('summary statistic sample 22', [0.5, 4.0, 1000, 10.5, 4.0, 1000, 1.96], [20.0, 14.787726, 25.212274])],
[('ten percent lift', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 11.0, 4.0, 400, 1.96], [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137]),
('treatment below control', [2.0, 1.0, 100, 1.5, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275]),
('equal means still carry control noise',
[4.0, 9.0, 1000, 4.0, 1.0, 1000, 1.645],
[0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125]),
('small means', [0.5, 0.25, 250, 0.6, 0.3, 250, 1.96], [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413]),
('zero control mean', [0.0, 1.0, 10, 1.0, 1.0, 10, 1.96], None),
('summary statistic sample 21', [0.5, 1.0, 400, 0.45, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.1, -0.529862, 0.329862]),
('summary statistic sample 22', [0.5, 4.0, 1000, 10.5, 4.0, 1000, 1.96], [20.0, 14.787726, 25.212274]),
('summary statistic sample 31', [0.5, 1.0, 100, 4.0, 16.0, 1000, 1.96], [7.0, 3.825042, 10.174958])]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N - 1]:
check(label, solve(*args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
| Boundary fixture | Actual | Expected | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| ten percent lift | [1.0, 0.970863, 1.029137] | [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137] | Failed |
| treatment below control | [-0.5, -0.6225, -0.3775] | [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275] | Failed |
| equal means still carry control noise | [0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125] | [0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125] | Passed |
| small means | [0.1, -0.101413, 0.301413] | [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413] | Failed |
| zero control mean | None | None | Passed |
| summary statistic sample 1 | [-3.55, -3.67401, -3.42599] | [-0.8875, -1.01151, -0.76349] | Failed |
| summary statistic sample 2 | [-7.0, -7.012769, -6.987231] | [-0.7, -0.712769, -0.687231] | Failed |
| summary statistic sample 3 | [2.0, 1.90268, 2.09732] | [1.0, 0.90268, 1.09732] | Failed |
SHA-256 / 49ec6a74e65f9e640d9c984cfb990906dba163dd85483a76ad2fe50722dc0b79
2 / The unsuccessful fix
Exit 1"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import math
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(mean_c, var_c, n_c, mean_t, var_t, n_t, z):
if mean_c == 0 or n_c <= 0 or n_t <= 0:
return None
lift = (mean_t - mean_c) / mean_t
se_t = var_t / n_t
se_c = var_c / n_c
v = se_t / mean_c ** 2 + mean_t ** 2 * se_c / mean_c ** 4
half = z * math.sqrt(v)
return [round(lift, 6), round(lift - half, 6), round(lift + half, 6)]
def check(label, actual, expected):
observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[('ten percent lift', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 11.0, 4.0, 400, 1.96], [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137]),
('treatment below control', [2.0, 1.0, 100, 1.5, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275]),
('equal means still carry control noise',
[4.0, 9.0, 1000, 4.0, 1.0, 1000, 1.645],
[0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125]),
('small means', [0.5, 0.25, 250, 0.6, 0.3, 250, 1.96], [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413]),
('zero control mean', [0.0, 1.0, 10, 1.0, 1.0, 10, 1.96], None),
('summary statistic sample 1', [4.0, 4.0, 1000, 0.45, 16.0, 250, 1.96], [-0.8875, -1.01151, -0.76349]),
('summary statistic sample 2', [10.0, 9.0, 400, 3.0, 1.0, 250, 1.645], [-0.7, -0.712769, -0.687231]),
('summary statistic sample 3', [2.0, 1.0, 400, 4.0, 1.0, 250, 1.645], [1.0, 0.90268, 1.09732])],
[('ten percent lift', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 11.0, 4.0, 400, 1.96], [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137]),
('treatment below control', [2.0, 1.0, 100, 1.5, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275]),
('equal means still carry control noise',
[4.0, 9.0, 1000, 4.0, 1.0, 1000, 1.645],
[0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125]),
('small means', [0.5, 0.25, 250, 0.6, 0.3, 250, 1.96], [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413]),
('zero control mean', [0.0, 1.0, 10, 1.0, 1.0, 10, 1.96], None),
('summary statistic sample 5', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 4.0, 4.0, 1000, 1.645], [-0.6, -0.61231, -0.58769]),
('summary statistic sample 6', [10.0, 9.0, 1000, 2.2, 4.0, 1000, 1.645], [-0.78, -0.790956, -0.769044]),
('summary statistic sample 7', [2.0, 9.0, 400, 10.5, 1.0, 100, 1.645], [4.25, 3.59708, 4.90292])],
[('ten percent lift', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 11.0, 4.0, 400, 1.96], [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137]),
('treatment below control', [2.0, 1.0, 100, 1.5, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275]),
('equal means still carry control noise',
[4.0, 9.0, 1000, 4.0, 1.0, 1000, 1.645],
[0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125]),
('small means', [0.5, 0.25, 250, 0.6, 0.3, 250, 1.96], [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413]),
('zero control mean', [0.0, 1.0, 10, 1.0, 1.0, 10, 1.96], None),
('summary statistic sample 11', [4.0, 4.0, 400, 10.5, 16.0, 1000, 1.96], [1.625, 1.48222, 1.76778]),
('summary statistic sample 12', [10.0, 9.0, 400, 0.45, 1.0, 250, 1.96], [-0.955, -0.967467, -0.942533]),
('summary statistic sample 13', [0.5, 1.0, 1000, 10.5, 4.0, 100, 1.645], [20.0, 17.718248, 22.281752])],
[('ten percent lift', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 11.0, 4.0, 400, 1.96], [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137]),
('treatment below control', [2.0, 1.0, 100, 1.5, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275]),
('equal means still carry control noise',
[4.0, 9.0, 1000, 4.0, 1.0, 1000, 1.645],
[0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125]),
('small means', [0.5, 0.25, 250, 0.6, 0.3, 250, 1.96], [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413]),
('zero control mean', [0.0, 1.0, 10, 1.0, 1.0, 10, 1.96], None),
('summary statistic sample 16', [4.0, 9.0, 100, 4.0, 4.0, 250, 1.645], [0.0, -0.133893, 0.133893]),
('summary statistic sample 17', [4.0, 1.0, 100, 4.0, 16.0, 1000, 1.645], [0.0, -0.066312, 0.066312]),
('summary statistic sample 22', [0.5, 4.0, 1000, 10.5, 4.0, 1000, 1.96], [20.0, 14.787726, 25.212274])],
[('ten percent lift', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 11.0, 4.0, 400, 1.96], [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137]),
('treatment below control', [2.0, 1.0, 100, 1.5, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275]),
('equal means still carry control noise',
[4.0, 9.0, 1000, 4.0, 1.0, 1000, 1.645],
[0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125]),
('small means', [0.5, 0.25, 250, 0.6, 0.3, 250, 1.96], [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413]),
('zero control mean', [0.0, 1.0, 10, 1.0, 1.0, 10, 1.96], None),
('summary statistic sample 21', [0.5, 1.0, 400, 0.45, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.1, -0.529862, 0.329862]),
('summary statistic sample 22', [0.5, 4.0, 1000, 10.5, 4.0, 1000, 1.96], [20.0, 14.787726, 25.212274]),
('summary statistic sample 31', [0.5, 1.0, 100, 4.0, 16.0, 1000, 1.96], [7.0, 3.825042, 10.174958])]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N - 1]:
check(label, solve(*args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
| Boundary fixture | Actual | Expected | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| ten percent lift | [0.090909, 0.061772, 0.120047] | [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137] | Failed |
| treatment below control | [-0.333333, -0.455833, -0.210833] | [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275] | Failed |
| equal means still carry control noise | [0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125] | [0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125] | Passed |
| small means | [0.166667, -0.034747, 0.36808] | [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413] | Failed |
| zero control mean | None | None | Passed |
| summary statistic sample 1 | [-7.888889, -8.012899, -7.764879] | [-0.8875, -1.01151, -0.76349] | Failed |
| summary statistic sample 2 | [-2.333333, -2.346102, -2.320565] | [-0.7, -0.712769, -0.687231] | Failed |
| summary statistic sample 3 | [0.5, 0.40268, 0.59732] | [1.0, 0.90268, 1.09732] | Failed |
SHA-256 / 0cfde822283571abf7d7f526938003b4a08ae6087267e642c69a47784b53ba2e
3 / The verified repair
Exit 0"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import math
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(mean_c, var_c, n_c, mean_t, var_t, n_t, z):
if mean_c == 0 or n_c <= 0 or n_t <= 0:
return None
lift = mean_t / mean_c - 1
se_t = var_t / n_t
se_c = var_c / n_c
v = se_t / mean_c ** 2 + mean_t ** 2 * se_c / mean_c ** 4
half = z * math.sqrt(v)
return [round(lift, 6), round(lift - half, 6), round(lift + half, 6)]
def check(label, actual, expected):
observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[('ten percent lift', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 11.0, 4.0, 400, 1.96], [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137]),
('treatment below control', [2.0, 1.0, 100, 1.5, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275]),
('equal means still carry control noise',
[4.0, 9.0, 1000, 4.0, 1.0, 1000, 1.645],
[0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125]),
('small means', [0.5, 0.25, 250, 0.6, 0.3, 250, 1.96], [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413]),
('zero control mean', [0.0, 1.0, 10, 1.0, 1.0, 10, 1.96], None),
('summary statistic sample 1', [4.0, 4.0, 1000, 0.45, 16.0, 250, 1.96], [-0.8875, -1.01151, -0.76349]),
('summary statistic sample 2', [10.0, 9.0, 400, 3.0, 1.0, 250, 1.645], [-0.7, -0.712769, -0.687231]),
('summary statistic sample 3', [2.0, 1.0, 400, 4.0, 1.0, 250, 1.645], [1.0, 0.90268, 1.09732])],
[('ten percent lift', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 11.0, 4.0, 400, 1.96], [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137]),
('treatment below control', [2.0, 1.0, 100, 1.5, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275]),
('equal means still carry control noise',
[4.0, 9.0, 1000, 4.0, 1.0, 1000, 1.645],
[0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125]),
('small means', [0.5, 0.25, 250, 0.6, 0.3, 250, 1.96], [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413]),
('zero control mean', [0.0, 1.0, 10, 1.0, 1.0, 10, 1.96], None),
('summary statistic sample 5', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 4.0, 4.0, 1000, 1.645], [-0.6, -0.61231, -0.58769]),
('summary statistic sample 6', [10.0, 9.0, 1000, 2.2, 4.0, 1000, 1.645], [-0.78, -0.790956, -0.769044]),
('summary statistic sample 7', [2.0, 9.0, 400, 10.5, 1.0, 100, 1.645], [4.25, 3.59708, 4.90292])],
[('ten percent lift', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 11.0, 4.0, 400, 1.96], [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137]),
('treatment below control', [2.0, 1.0, 100, 1.5, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275]),
('equal means still carry control noise',
[4.0, 9.0, 1000, 4.0, 1.0, 1000, 1.645],
[0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125]),
('small means', [0.5, 0.25, 250, 0.6, 0.3, 250, 1.96], [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413]),
('zero control mean', [0.0, 1.0, 10, 1.0, 1.0, 10, 1.96], None),
('summary statistic sample 11', [4.0, 4.0, 400, 10.5, 16.0, 1000, 1.96], [1.625, 1.48222, 1.76778]),
('summary statistic sample 12', [10.0, 9.0, 400, 0.45, 1.0, 250, 1.96], [-0.955, -0.967467, -0.942533]),
('summary statistic sample 13', [0.5, 1.0, 1000, 10.5, 4.0, 100, 1.645], [20.0, 17.718248, 22.281752])],
[('ten percent lift', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 11.0, 4.0, 400, 1.96], [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137]),
('treatment below control', [2.0, 1.0, 100, 1.5, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275]),
('equal means still carry control noise',
[4.0, 9.0, 1000, 4.0, 1.0, 1000, 1.645],
[0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125]),
('small means', [0.5, 0.25, 250, 0.6, 0.3, 250, 1.96], [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413]),
('zero control mean', [0.0, 1.0, 10, 1.0, 1.0, 10, 1.96], None),
('summary statistic sample 16', [4.0, 9.0, 100, 4.0, 4.0, 250, 1.645], [0.0, -0.133893, 0.133893]),
('summary statistic sample 17', [4.0, 1.0, 100, 4.0, 16.0, 1000, 1.645], [0.0, -0.066312, 0.066312]),
('summary statistic sample 22', [0.5, 4.0, 1000, 10.5, 4.0, 1000, 1.96], [20.0, 14.787726, 25.212274])],
[('ten percent lift', [10.0, 4.0, 400, 11.0, 4.0, 400, 1.96], [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137]),
('treatment below control', [2.0, 1.0, 100, 1.5, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275]),
('equal means still carry control noise',
[4.0, 9.0, 1000, 4.0, 1.0, 1000, 1.645],
[0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125]),
('small means', [0.5, 0.25, 250, 0.6, 0.3, 250, 1.96], [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413]),
('zero control mean', [0.0, 1.0, 10, 1.0, 1.0, 10, 1.96], None),
('summary statistic sample 21', [0.5, 1.0, 400, 0.45, 1.0, 100, 1.96], [-0.1, -0.529862, 0.329862]),
('summary statistic sample 22', [0.5, 4.0, 1000, 10.5, 4.0, 1000, 1.96], [20.0, 14.787726, 25.212274]),
('summary statistic sample 31', [0.5, 1.0, 100, 4.0, 16.0, 1000, 1.96], [7.0, 3.825042, 10.174958])]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N - 1]:
check(label, solve(*args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
| Boundary fixture | Actual | Expected | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| ten percent lift | [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137] | [0.1, 0.070863, 0.129137] | Passed |
| treatment below control | [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275] | [-0.25, -0.3725, -0.1275] | Passed |
| equal means still carry control noise | [0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125] | [0.0, -0.041125, 0.041125] | Passed |
| small means | [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413] | [0.2, -0.001413, 0.401413] | Passed |
| zero control mean | None | None | Passed |
| summary statistic sample 1 | [-0.8875, -1.01151, -0.76349] | [-0.8875, -1.01151, -0.76349] | Passed |
| summary statistic sample 2 | [-0.7, -0.712769, -0.687231] | [-0.7, -0.712769, -0.687231] | Passed |
| summary statistic sample 3 | [1.0, 0.90268, 1.09732] | [1.0, 0.90268, 1.09732] | Passed |
SHA-256 / 93edf1568328ee8496d5df5e297007792669b0554c2e83f592814c5b92fe7db4
Verification & scope
A deterministic toy experiment-analysis model with a stipulated contract; results are rounded and are not a substitute for a validated statistics package. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.
Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:48:56.641895+00:00.
Case digest / 3e6fcc99a121a5034ece79634c945ed8cc4c6667ee9fb2a1989705b427c770a7