FA-73691 / Rate limiter algorithms / Open access
Priority limiter with reserved high-priority capacity: window length off by a factor of ten · case 01
Counters reset every tenth of a second, so the per-second capacity is admitted ten times over.
ROOT CAUSE
The window index divides milliseconds by 100.
THE FAILURE
The window index divides milliseconds by 100.
Unsuccessful approach: Rounding moves window boundaries to the half second.
Case contract
Input {capacity, reserved_high, requests [[t_ms, priority]]} with nondecreasing t, one-second epoch windows. Only the exact label "high" is high priority; every other label is low. A high request is admitted while total admitted < capacity. A low request is admitted only while admitted low < capacity - reserved_high and total < capacity. Both counters reset each window. Return [decisions, [low, high] of the final window].
Why this case matters
Shared limiters reserve headroom for critical traffic (health checks, payments) so that bulk clients cannot starve it; the reserve arithmetic decides whether the guarantee holds.
1 / The failure
Exit 1"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
cap = x['capacity']
res = x['reserved_high']
win = None
low = high = 0
out = []
for t, prio in x['requests']:
w = t // 100
if w != win:
win, low, high = w, 0, 0
if prio == 'high':
ok = low + high < cap
else:
ok = low < cap - res and low + high < cap
if ok:
if prio == 'high':
high += 1
else:
low += 1
out.append('allow')
else:
out.append('deny')
return [out, [low, high]]
def check(label, actual, expected):
observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
cases = [[['low traffic cannot take reserve',
{'capacity': 5,
'requests': [[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[1, 'high'],
[2, 'high'],
[4, 'high'],
[4, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],
['high traffic blocks low at capacity',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [8, 'low']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],
['unknown priority is low',
{'capacity': 3,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [4, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],
['custom label cannot claim reserve',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [5, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],
['window reset clears both',
{'capacity': 2,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[1, 'high'],
[999, 'low'],
[1000, 'high'],
[1001, 'low'],
[1003, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],
['mixed within reserve',
{'capacity': 6,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[1, 'low'],
[1, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 3},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],
['random mix',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[23, 'low'],
[30, 'batch'],
[460, 'batch'],
[783, 'low'],
[807, 'high'],
[926, 'low'],
[1133, 'low'],
[1169, 'low'],
[1221, 'high'],
[1686, 'low'],
[1702, 'low'],
[1740, 'low'],
[2424, 'low'],
[2472, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'deny',
'allow',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'deny',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow'],
[1, 1]]]],
[['low traffic cannot take reserve',
{'capacity': 5,
'requests': [[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[1, 'high'],
[2, 'high'],
[5, 'high'],
[4, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],
['high traffic blocks low at capacity',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [9, 'low']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],
['unknown priority is low',
{'capacity': 3,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [5, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],
['custom label cannot claim reserve',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [6, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],
['window reset clears both',
{'capacity': 2,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[1, 'high'],
[999, 'low'],
[1000, 'high'],
[1001, 'low'],
[1004, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],
['mixed within reserve',
{'capacity': 6,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[2, 'low'],
[2, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 3},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],
['random mix',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[284, 'batch'],
[629, 'low'],
[787, 'low'],
[903, 'low'],
[1032, 'batch'],
[1118, 'high'],
[1495, 'low'],
[1855, 'low'],
[1876, 'low'],
[1919, 'batch'],
[2238, 'high'],
[2382, 'batch'],
[2390, 'high'],
[2492, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'deny',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow'],
[1, 3]]]],
[['low traffic cannot take reserve',
{'capacity': 5,
'requests': [[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[1, 'high'],
[2, 'high'],
[6, 'high'],
[4, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],
['high traffic blocks low at capacity',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [10, 'low']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],
['unknown priority is low',
{'capacity': 3,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [6, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],
['custom label cannot claim reserve',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [7, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],
['window reset clears both',
{'capacity': 2,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[1, 'high'],
[999, 'low'],
[1000, 'high'],
[1001, 'low'],
[1005, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],
['mixed within reserve',
{'capacity': 6,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[3, 'low'],
[3, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 3},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],
['random mix',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[99, 'low'],
[696, 'low'],
[811, 'batch'],
[837, 'low'],
[912, 'batch'],
[1070, 'low'],
[1174, 'batch'],
[1400, 'batch'],
[1530, 'low'],
[1887, 'high'],
[1994, 'batch'],
[2235, 'low'],
[2286, 'low'],
[2369, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'deny',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'deny',
'allow',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow'],
[2, 1]]]],
[['low traffic cannot take reserve',
{'capacity': 5,
'requests': [[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[1, 'high'],
[2, 'high'],
[7, 'high'],
[4, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],
['high traffic blocks low at capacity',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [11, 'low']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],
['unknown priority is low',
{'capacity': 3,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [7, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],
['custom label cannot claim reserve',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [8, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],
['window reset clears both',
{'capacity': 2,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[1, 'high'],
[999, 'low'],
[1000, 'high'],
[1001, 'low'],
[1006, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],
['mixed within reserve',
{'capacity': 6,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[4, 'low'],
[4, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 3},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],
['random mix',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[279, 'high'],
[550, 'high'],
[665, 'low'],
[940, 'low'],
[1010, 'batch'],
[1022, 'low'],
[1597, 'low'],
[1623, 'batch'],
[1749, 'low'],
[1850, 'low'],
[2025, 'high'],
[2095, 'high'],
[2322, 'low'],
[2325, 'low']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'deny',
'deny',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow'],
[2, 2]]]],
[['low traffic cannot take reserve',
{'capacity': 5,
'requests': [[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[1, 'high'],
[2, 'high'],
[8, 'high'],
[4, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],
['high traffic blocks low at capacity',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [12, 'low']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],
['unknown priority is low',
{'capacity': 3,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [8, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],
['custom label cannot claim reserve',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [9, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],
['window reset clears both',
{'capacity': 2,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[1, 'high'],
[999, 'low'],
[1000, 'high'],
[1001, 'low'],
[1007, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],
['mixed within reserve',
{'capacity': 6,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[5, 'low'],
[5, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 3},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],
['random mix',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[249, 'low'],
[476, 'low'],
[620, 'high'],
[621, 'high'],
[646, 'batch'],
[704, 'low'],
[832, 'batch'],
[989, 'batch'],
[1004, 'batch'],
[1140, 'low'],
[1764, 'low'],
[2209, 'high'],
[2225, 'batch'],
[2378, 'batch']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'deny',
'deny',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow'],
[2, 1]]]]]
for label, args, expected in cases[N - 1]:
check(label, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
| Boundary fixture | Actual | Expected | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| low traffic cannot take reserve | [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]] | [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]] | Passed |
| high traffic blocks low at capacity | [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]] | [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]] | Passed |
| unknown priority is low | [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]] | [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]] | Passed |
| custom label cannot claim reserve | [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]] | [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]] | Passed |
| window reset clears both | [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]] | [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]] | Failed |
| mixed within reserve | [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]] | [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]] | Passed |
| random mix | [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow'], [1, 1]] | [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [1, 1]] | Failed |
SHA-256 / af743c021ff0a314d89c23a6f4beb2448e38ff4f5a52a0398fd7ba1b1189a0e0
2 / The unsuccessful fix
Exit 1"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
cap = x['capacity']
res = x['reserved_high']
win = None
low = high = 0
out = []
for t, prio in x['requests']:
w = round(t / 1000)
if w != win:
win, low, high = w, 0, 0
if prio == 'high':
ok = low + high < cap
else:
ok = low < cap - res and low + high < cap
if ok:
if prio == 'high':
high += 1
else:
low += 1
out.append('allow')
else:
out.append('deny')
return [out, [low, high]]
def check(label, actual, expected):
observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
cases = [[['low traffic cannot take reserve',
{'capacity': 5,
'requests': [[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[1, 'high'],
[2, 'high'],
[4, 'high'],
[4, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],
['high traffic blocks low at capacity',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [8, 'low']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],
['unknown priority is low',
{'capacity': 3,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [4, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],
['custom label cannot claim reserve',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [5, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],
['window reset clears both',
{'capacity': 2,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[1, 'high'],
[999, 'low'],
[1000, 'high'],
[1001, 'low'],
[1003, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],
['mixed within reserve',
{'capacity': 6,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[1, 'low'],
[1, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 3},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],
['random mix',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[23, 'low'],
[30, 'batch'],
[460, 'batch'],
[783, 'low'],
[807, 'high'],
[926, 'low'],
[1133, 'low'],
[1169, 'low'],
[1221, 'high'],
[1686, 'low'],
[1702, 'low'],
[1740, 'low'],
[2424, 'low'],
[2472, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'deny',
'allow',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'deny',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow'],
[1, 1]]]],
[['low traffic cannot take reserve',
{'capacity': 5,
'requests': [[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[1, 'high'],
[2, 'high'],
[5, 'high'],
[4, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],
['high traffic blocks low at capacity',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [9, 'low']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],
['unknown priority is low',
{'capacity': 3,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [5, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],
['custom label cannot claim reserve',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [6, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],
['window reset clears both',
{'capacity': 2,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[1, 'high'],
[999, 'low'],
[1000, 'high'],
[1001, 'low'],
[1004, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],
['mixed within reserve',
{'capacity': 6,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[2, 'low'],
[2, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 3},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],
['random mix',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[284, 'batch'],
[629, 'low'],
[787, 'low'],
[903, 'low'],
[1032, 'batch'],
[1118, 'high'],
[1495, 'low'],
[1855, 'low'],
[1876, 'low'],
[1919, 'batch'],
[2238, 'high'],
[2382, 'batch'],
[2390, 'high'],
[2492, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'deny',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow'],
[1, 3]]]],
[['low traffic cannot take reserve',
{'capacity': 5,
'requests': [[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[1, 'high'],
[2, 'high'],
[6, 'high'],
[4, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],
['high traffic blocks low at capacity',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [10, 'low']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],
['unknown priority is low',
{'capacity': 3,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [6, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],
['custom label cannot claim reserve',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [7, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],
['window reset clears both',
{'capacity': 2,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[1, 'high'],
[999, 'low'],
[1000, 'high'],
[1001, 'low'],
[1005, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],
['mixed within reserve',
{'capacity': 6,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[3, 'low'],
[3, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 3},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],
['random mix',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[99, 'low'],
[696, 'low'],
[811, 'batch'],
[837, 'low'],
[912, 'batch'],
[1070, 'low'],
[1174, 'batch'],
[1400, 'batch'],
[1530, 'low'],
[1887, 'high'],
[1994, 'batch'],
[2235, 'low'],
[2286, 'low'],
[2369, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'deny',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'deny',
'allow',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow'],
[2, 1]]]],
[['low traffic cannot take reserve',
{'capacity': 5,
'requests': [[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[1, 'high'],
[2, 'high'],
[7, 'high'],
[4, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],
['high traffic blocks low at capacity',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [11, 'low']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],
['unknown priority is low',
{'capacity': 3,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [7, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],
['custom label cannot claim reserve',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [8, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],
['window reset clears both',
{'capacity': 2,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[1, 'high'],
[999, 'low'],
[1000, 'high'],
[1001, 'low'],
[1006, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],
['mixed within reserve',
{'capacity': 6,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[4, 'low'],
[4, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 3},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],
['random mix',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[279, 'high'],
[550, 'high'],
[665, 'low'],
[940, 'low'],
[1010, 'batch'],
[1022, 'low'],
[1597, 'low'],
[1623, 'batch'],
[1749, 'low'],
[1850, 'low'],
[2025, 'high'],
[2095, 'high'],
[2322, 'low'],
[2325, 'low']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'deny',
'deny',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow'],
[2, 2]]]],
[['low traffic cannot take reserve',
{'capacity': 5,
'requests': [[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[1, 'high'],
[2, 'high'],
[8, 'high'],
[4, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],
['high traffic blocks low at capacity',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [12, 'low']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],
['unknown priority is low',
{'capacity': 3,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [8, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],
['custom label cannot claim reserve',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [9, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],
['window reset clears both',
{'capacity': 2,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[1, 'high'],
[999, 'low'],
[1000, 'high'],
[1001, 'low'],
[1007, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 1},
[['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],
['mixed within reserve',
{'capacity': 6,
'requests': [[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'high'],
[0, 'low'],
[0, 'low'],
[5, 'low'],
[5, 'high']],
'reserved_high': 3},
[['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],
['random mix',
{'capacity': 4,
'requests': [[249, 'low'],
[476, 'low'],
[620, 'high'],
[621, 'high'],
[646, 'batch'],
[704, 'low'],
[832, 'batch'],
[989, 'batch'],
[1004, 'batch'],
[1140, 'low'],
[1764, 'low'],
[2209, 'high'],
[2225, 'batch'],
[2378, 'batch']],
'reserved_high': 2},
[['allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'deny',
'deny',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow',
'deny',
'allow',
'allow',
'allow'],
[2, 1]]]]]
for label, args, expected in cases[N - 1]:
check(label, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
| Boundary fixture | Actual | Expected | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| low traffic cannot take reserve | [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]] | [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]] | Passed |
| high traffic blocks low at capacity | [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]] | [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]] | Passed |
| unknown priority is low | [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]] | [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]] | Passed |
| custom label cannot claim reserve | [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]] | [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]] | Passed |
| window reset clears both | [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 1]] | [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]] | Failed |
| mixed within reserve | [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]] | [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]] | Passed |
| random mix | [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny', 'allow'], [2, 1]] | [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [1, 1]] | Failed |
SHA-256 / 1e5025ddd4d601070f93d0f44c0eba27104dcc7f55170271fde67a3b86ed0ea9
HELD IN THE MEMBER ARCHIVE
The verified repair and its recorded checks are member-only.
This mechanism has 7 recorded checks per implementation. The open-access tier publishes the failure and the unsuccessful fix; the repaired source that passes every check, and the observations that prove it, are available to members.
Every case sharing this mechanism uses the same contract and the same repair, so this one record is held back for all of them.
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Sign in to the archive ↗Verification & scope
A deterministic, bounded teaching model with stipulated constants and pre-hashed or explicitly hashed inputs; it is not a production implementation and makes no claim of conformance to any library or paper beyond the stated contract. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.
Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:48:49.945643+00:00.
Case digest / 79ab7b1d2ba6f72924a45001cc5b2079ced9db89ed0aa361778c1a7cec8135de