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FA-71596 / Seismic magnitude estimation / Open access

Preferred magnitude selection: Ms saturation floor · case 01

An Ms of exactly 5.5 is passed over for ML or mb.

Verified by executionVariant 1 · 8 checks per implementationDownload source bundle ↓JSON ↗

ROOT CAUSE

The Ms preference is exclusive at 5.5.

THE FAILURE

The Ms preference is exclusive at 5.5.

Unsuccessful approach: Lowering the floor to 5.0 prefers Ms where ML is authoritative.

Case contract

mags maps type to value (any value including 0 or negative is valid when the key is present). Choose in order: Mw; if depth > 70 km then mb; Ms if Ms >= 5.5; ML if delta <= 5 degrees; mb; Md; else None. Return [type, value].

Why this case matters

Catalogues publish one preferred magnitude chosen by a fixed authority ladder.

1 / The failure

Exit 1
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(mags, depth_km, delta_deg):
    if "Mw" in mags:
        return ["Mw", mags["Mw"]]
    if depth_km > 70 and "mb" in mags:
        return ["mb", mags["mb"]]
    if "Ms" in mags and mags["Ms"] > 5.5:
        return ["Ms", mags["Ms"]]
    if delta_deg <= 5 and "ML" in mags:
        return ["ML", mags["ML"]]
    for t in ("mb", "Md"):
        if t in mags:
            return [t, mags[t]]
    return None
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 1.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 10, 1.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 10, 5.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.5", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 10, 5.5], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 30.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 10, 30.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 1.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 70, 1.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 5.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 70, 5.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 1.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 10, 1.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.0", [{'Ms': 5.4, 'ML': 5.1, 'mb': 5.0}, 10, 5.0], ['ML', 5.1]]], [["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 30.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 70, 30.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 71 delta 1.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 71, 1.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 71 delta 5.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 71, 5.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 71 delta 5.5", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 71, 5.5], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 71 delta 30.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 71, 30.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 300 delta 1.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 300, 1.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 30.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 10, 30.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 5.5", [{'Ms': 5.4, 'ML': 5.1, 'mb': 5.0}, 70, 5.5], ['mb', 5.0]]], [["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 300 delta 5.5", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 300, 5.5], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 300 delta 30.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 300, 30.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 1.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 10, 1.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 10, 5.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.5", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 10, 5.5], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 30.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 10, 30.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 5.5", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 70, 5.5], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 30.0", [{'Ms': 5.4, 'ML': 5.1, 'mb': 5.0}, 10, 30.0], ['mb', 5.0]]], [["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 10, 5.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 5.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 70, 5.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 5.5", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 70, 5.5], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 30.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 70, 30.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 71 delta 1.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 71, 1.0], ['mb', 5.2]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 71 delta 5.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 71, 5.0], ['mb', 5.2]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 71 delta 5.5", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 71, 5.5], ['mb', 5.2]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 1.0", [{'Ms': 5.4, 'ML': 5.1, 'mb': 5.0}, 10, 1.0], ['ML', 5.1]]], [["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 1.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 70, 1.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 300 delta 1.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 300, 1.0], ['mb', 5.2]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 300 delta 5.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 300, 5.0], ['mb', 5.2]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 300 delta 5.5", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 300, 5.5], ['mb', 5.2]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 300 delta 30.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 300, 30.0], ['mb', 5.2]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 1.0", [{'Ms': 5.4, 'ML': 5.1, 'mb': 5.0}, 10, 1.0], ['ML', 5.1]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.0", [{'Ms': 5.4, 'ML': 5.1, 'mb': 5.0}, 10, 5.0], ['ML', 5.1]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 5.0", [{'Ms': 5.4, 'ML': 5.1, 'mb': 5.0}, 70, 5.0], ['ML', 5.1]]]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N - 1]:
    check(label, solve(*args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 1.0['Mw', 6.1]['Mw', 6.1]Passed
['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.0['Mw', 6.1]['Mw', 6.1]Passed
['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.5['Mw', 6.1]['Mw', 6.1]Passed
['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 30.0['Mw', 6.1]['Mw', 6.1]Passed
['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 1.0['Mw', 6.1]['Mw', 6.1]Passed
['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 5.0['Mw', 6.1]['Mw', 6.1]Passed
['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 1.0['ML', 5.4]['Ms', 5.5]Failed
['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.0['ML', 5.1]['ML', 5.1]Passed

SHA-256 / 6658fef4d4da26e53975512ea03d2a782e2e081721c9ba7b89433102e80a88c4

2 / The unsuccessful fix

Exit 1
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(mags, depth_km, delta_deg):
    if "Mw" in mags:
        return ["Mw", mags["Mw"]]
    if depth_km > 70 and "mb" in mags:
        return ["mb", mags["mb"]]
    if "Ms" in mags and mags["Ms"] >= 5.0:
        return ["Ms", mags["Ms"]]
    if delta_deg <= 5 and "ML" in mags:
        return ["ML", mags["ML"]]
    for t in ("mb", "Md"):
        if t in mags:
            return [t, mags[t]]
    return None
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 1.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 10, 1.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 10, 5.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.5", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 10, 5.5], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 30.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 10, 30.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 1.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 70, 1.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 5.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 70, 5.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 1.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 10, 1.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.0", [{'Ms': 5.4, 'ML': 5.1, 'mb': 5.0}, 10, 5.0], ['ML', 5.1]]], [["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 30.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 70, 30.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 71 delta 1.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 71, 1.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 71 delta 5.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 71, 5.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 71 delta 5.5", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 71, 5.5], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 71 delta 30.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 71, 30.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 300 delta 1.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 300, 1.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 30.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 10, 30.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 5.5", [{'Ms': 5.4, 'ML': 5.1, 'mb': 5.0}, 70, 5.5], ['mb', 5.0]]], [["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 300 delta 5.5", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 300, 5.5], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 300 delta 30.0", [{'Mw': 6.1, 'Ms': 6.3, 'mb': 5.9}, 300, 30.0], ['Mw', 6.1]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 1.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 10, 1.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 10, 5.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.5", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 10, 5.5], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 30.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 10, 30.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 5.5", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 70, 5.5], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 30.0", [{'Ms': 5.4, 'ML': 5.1, 'mb': 5.0}, 10, 30.0], ['mb', 5.0]]], [["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 10, 5.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 5.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 70, 5.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 5.5", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 70, 5.5], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 30.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 70, 30.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 71 delta 1.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 71, 1.0], ['mb', 5.2]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 71 delta 5.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 71, 5.0], ['mb', 5.2]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 71 delta 5.5", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 71, 5.5], ['mb', 5.2]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 1.0", [{'Ms': 5.4, 'ML': 5.1, 'mb': 5.0}, 10, 1.0], ['ML', 5.1]]], [["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 1.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 70, 1.0], ['Ms', 5.5]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 300 delta 1.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 300, 1.0], ['mb', 5.2]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 300 delta 5.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 300, 5.0], ['mb', 5.2]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 300 delta 5.5", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 300, 5.5], ['mb', 5.2]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 300 delta 30.0", [{'Ms': 5.5, 'mb': 5.2, 'ML': 5.4}, 300, 30.0], ['mb', 5.2]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 1.0", [{'Ms': 5.4, 'ML': 5.1, 'mb': 5.0}, 10, 1.0], ['ML', 5.1]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.0", [{'Ms': 5.4, 'ML': 5.1, 'mb': 5.0}, 10, 5.0], ['ML', 5.1]], ["['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 5.0", [{'Ms': 5.4, 'ML': 5.1, 'mb': 5.0}, 70, 5.0], ['ML', 5.1]]]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N - 1]:
    check(label, solve(*args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 1.0['Mw', 6.1]['Mw', 6.1]Passed
['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.0['Mw', 6.1]['Mw', 6.1]Passed
['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.5['Mw', 6.1]['Mw', 6.1]Passed
['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 30.0['Mw', 6.1]['Mw', 6.1]Passed
['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 1.0['Mw', 6.1]['Mw', 6.1]Passed
['Ms', 'Mw', 'mb'] depth 70 delta 5.0['Mw', 6.1]['Mw', 6.1]Passed
['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 1.0['Ms', 5.5]['Ms', 5.5]Passed
['ML', 'Ms', 'mb'] depth 10 delta 5.0['Ms', 5.4]['ML', 5.1]Failed

SHA-256 / 7bd8a4ec5312d38304bc18c58c4426ef13ca05c4e172df94210097b7fa5d5186

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The verified repair and its recorded checks are member-only.

This mechanism has 8 recorded checks per implementation. The open-access tier publishes the failure and the unsuccessful fix; the repaired source that passes every check, and the observations that prove it, are available to members.

Every case sharing this mechanism uses the same contract and the same repair, so this one record is held back for all of them.

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Verification & scope

Stipulated deterministic teaching model of a seismological magnitude procedure; constants and tables are fixed by the contract and no claim of agency or standards conformance is made. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.

Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:48:31.046235+00:00.

Case digest / 17b40f49daa4804a4cc89cd737a64e2866b58770b24f889773c6dbe5368fa2a5