FA-68851 / Tide and marine navigation tables / Open access

Rule of twelfths: Falling tide applies the range as a rise · case 01

Ebb predictions climb above the preceding high water.

Verified by executionVariant 1 · 7 checks per implementationDownload source bundle ↓JSON ↗

ROOT CAUSE

The tidal range is taken as an absolute value, losing the direction of a falling tide.

VERIFIED REPAIR

Multiply the signed difference h2-h1 by the cumulative fraction.

Unsuccessful approach: Special-casing the fall to start at the lower height mirrors the curve in time.

Case contract

Input [t1,h1,t2,h2,t] in hours/metres for consecutive turning points t1<t2 (rise or fall). The interval is split into six equal tide hours with cumulative twelfths 0,1,3,6,9,11,12 and linear interpolation inside a tide hour. Return height rounded to 4 decimals, or None when t2<=t1 or t lies outside [t1,t2].

Why this case matters

Tide tables and passage plans turn published predictions into go/no-go decisions about depth, clearance and timing.

1 / The failure

Exit 1

"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import math
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    t1,h1,t2,h2,t=x
    if t2<=t1: return None
    if t<t1 or t>t2: return None
    u=(t-t1)*6/(t2-t1)
    k=min(int(u),5)
    cum=[0,1,3,6,9,11,12]
    c=cum[k]+(cum[k+1]-cum[k])*(u-k)
    return round(h1+abs(h2-h1)*c/12,4)
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1], 4.8221), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2], 5.2), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 0]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 0], 0.5), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1], 0.8), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1.5]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1.5], 1.1), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 2]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 2], 1.4), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 3]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 3], 2.3)], [('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4], 4.2128), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1], 4.8221), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 2]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 2], 1.4), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 3]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 3], 2.3), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 4.5]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 4.5], 3.5), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 5]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 5], 3.8), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6], 4.1)], [('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25], 3.0), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4], 4.2128), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 5]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 5], 3.8), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6], 4.1), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6.5]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6.5], None), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 7.25]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 7.25], None), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2], 5.2)], [('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 7]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 7], 1.4487), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 7.25]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 7.25], None), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2], 5.2), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1], 4.8221), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4], 4.2128), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25], 3.0), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 8.5]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 8.5], 0.8)], [('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 8.5]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 8.5], 0.8), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4], 4.2128), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25], 3.0), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 7]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 7], 1.4487), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 9]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 9], None), ('rule of twelfths [1, 1.0, 7, 1.0, 3]', [1, 1.0, 7, 1.0, 3], 1.0), ('rule of twelfths [5, 1, 5, 3, 5]', [5, 1, 5, 3, 5], None)]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:
    check(label, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)

Boundary fixture	Actual	Expected	Outcome
rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1]	`5.5779`	`4.8221`	Failed
rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2]	`5.2`	`5.2`	Passed
rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 0]	`0.5`	`0.5`	Passed
rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1]	`0.8`	`0.8`	Passed
rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1.5]	`1.1`	`1.1`	Passed
rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 2]	`1.4`	`1.4`	Passed
rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 3]	`2.3`	`2.3`	Passed

SHA-256 / 015b5501a5492392145fb7b221565d382e2e9dd6a8714fcfe495bf81d497bb5c

2 / The unsuccessful fix

Exit 1

"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import math
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    t1,h1,t2,h2,t=x
    if t2<=t1: return None
    if t<t1 or t>t2: return None
    u=(t-t1)*6/(t2-t1)
    k=min(int(u),5)
    cum=[0,1,3,6,9,11,12]
    c=cum[k]+(cum[k+1]-cum[k])*(u-k)
    return round(h1+(h2-h1)*c/12 if h2>=h1 else h2+(h1-h2)*c/12,4)
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1], 4.8221), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2], 5.2), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 0]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 0], 0.5), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1], 0.8), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1.5]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1.5], 1.1), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 2]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 2], 1.4), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 3]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 3], 2.3)], [('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4], 4.2128), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1], 4.8221), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 2]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 2], 1.4), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 3]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 3], 2.3), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 4.5]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 4.5], 3.5), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 5]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 5], 3.8), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6], 4.1)], [('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25], 3.0), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4], 4.2128), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 5]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 5], 3.8), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6], 4.1), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6.5]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6.5], None), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 7.25]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 7.25], None), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2], 5.2)], [('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 7]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 7], 1.4487), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 7.25]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 7.25], None), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2], 5.2), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1], 4.8221), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4], 4.2128), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25], 3.0), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 8.5]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 8.5], 0.8)], [('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 8.5]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 8.5], 0.8), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4], 4.2128), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25], 3.0), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 7]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 7], 1.4487), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 9]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 9], None), ('rule of twelfths [1, 1.0, 7, 1.0, 3]', [1, 1.0, 7, 1.0, 3], 1.0), ('rule of twelfths [5, 1, 5, 3, 5]', [5, 1, 5, 3, 5], None)]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:
    check(label, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)

Boundary fixture	Actual	Expected	Outcome
rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1]	`1.1779`	`4.8221`	Failed
rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2]	`0.8`	`5.2`	Failed
rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 0]	`0.5`	`0.5`	Passed
rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1]	`0.8`	`0.8`	Passed
rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1.5]	`1.1`	`1.1`	Passed
rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 2]	`1.4`	`1.4`	Passed
rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 3]	`2.3`	`2.3`	Passed

SHA-256 / cb68f0a76ce219f0c7c8f2d30e92b714e15e846f855c0c952555a20b329493b2

3 / The verified repair

Exit 0

"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import math
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    t1,h1,t2,h2,t=x
    if t2<=t1: return None
    if t<t1 or t>t2: return None
    u=(t-t1)*6/(t2-t1)
    k=min(int(u),5)
    cum=[0,1,3,6,9,11,12]
    c=cum[k]+(cum[k+1]-cum[k])*(u-k)
    return round(h1+(h2-h1)*c/12,4)
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1], 4.8221), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2], 5.2), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 0]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 0], 0.5), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1], 0.8), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1.5]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1.5], 1.1), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 2]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 2], 1.4), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 3]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 3], 2.3)], [('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4], 4.2128), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1], 4.8221), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 2]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 2], 1.4), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 3]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 3], 2.3), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 4.5]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 4.5], 3.5), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 5]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 5], 3.8), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6], 4.1)], [('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25], 3.0), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4], 4.2128), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 5]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 5], 3.8), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6], 4.1), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6.5]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 6.5], None), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 7.25]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 7.25], None), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2], 5.2)], [('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 7]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 7], 1.4487), ('rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 7.25]', [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 7.25], None), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2], 5.2), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1], 4.8221), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4], 4.2128), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25], 3.0), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 8.5]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 8.5], 0.8)], [('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 8.5]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 8.5], 0.8), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 4], 4.2128), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 5.25], 3.0), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 7]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 7], 1.4487), ('rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 9]', [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 9], None), ('rule of twelfths [1, 1.0, 7, 1.0, 3]', [1, 1.0, 7, 1.0, 3], 1.0), ('rule of twelfths [5, 1, 5, 3, 5]', [5, 1, 5, 3, 5], None)]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:
    check(label, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)

Boundary fixture	Actual	Expected	Outcome
rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 3.1]	`4.8221`	`4.8221`	Passed
rule of twelfths [2, 5.2, 8.5, 0.8, 2]	`5.2`	`5.2`	Passed
rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 0]	`0.5`	`0.5`	Passed
rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1]	`0.8`	`0.8`	Passed
rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 1.5]	`1.1`	`1.1`	Passed
rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 2]	`1.4`	`1.4`	Passed
rule of twelfths [0, 0.5, 6, 4.1, 3]	`2.3`	`2.3`	Passed

SHA-256 / bff80d15f806a51e27ab570ba91d657abbf7d496790eb4a055f82cc55e53a4b3

Verification & scope

A deterministic toy model with stipulated rules and constants; not certified hydrographic software or a substitute for official tide tables. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.

Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:48:06.104157+00:00.

Case digest / a2c0bfb642c0f3245d0727b3e2f8fc74fcef5ea48156b2bf382baaec0003f34f