FA-68316 / Traffic signal timing plans / Open access

Overlap phase indication: the inhibit applies only when every not-during phase is green · case 01

Overlap phase indication returns a wrong result when the inhibit applies only when every not-during phase is green.

Verified by executionVariant 1 · 8 checks per implementationDownload source bundle ↓JSON ↗

ROOT CAUSE

With all() the inhibit fires vacuously when no not-during phases are configured and misses single inhibiting greens.

VERIFIED REPAIR

Restore the not-during inhibit rule so that the step reads `if any(cur.get(p) == 'G' for p in nd):`.

Unsuccessful approach: Treating a yellow not-during phase as inhibiting holds the overlap red longer than stipulated.

Case contract

Input {parents, not_during, state: [[phase, G|Y|RC|R]] for timing phases, next: phases to be served next}. The overlap is red while any not_during phase is green. Otherwise it is green while any parent is green. If a parent is terminating (Y or RC) the overlap stays green when any next phase is a parent; otherwise it is yellow if any terminating parent is in yellow, else red. Otherwise red.

Why this case matters

Signal timing arithmetic is exact and integer or rational; a wrong rule silently produces unsafe or inefficient timing plans.

1 / The failure

Exit 1

"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    par = set(x['parents'])
    nd = set(x['not_during'])
    cur = {ph: iv for ph, iv in x['state']}
    if all(cur.get(p) == 'G' for p in nd):
        return 'R'
    if any(cur.get(p) == 'G' for p in par):
        return 'G'
    terminating = [p for p in sorted(par) if cur.get(p) in ('Y', 'RC')]
    if terminating:
        if any(p in par for p in x['next']):
            return 'G'
        if any(cur[p] == 'Y' for p in terminating):
            return 'Y'
        return 'R'
    return 'R'
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[({'parents': [4, 5, 8], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[5, 'G'], [7, 'G'], [2, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'G'), ({'parents': [4, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [1]}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [2, 3, 8], 'not_during': [5, 7], 'state': [[5, 'Y'], [3, 'Y'], [4, 'Y']], 'next': [5, 8]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[3, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [6, 'RC']], 'next': [3, 7]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [2, 8], 'not_during': [3, 7], 'state': [[1, 'G'], [5, 'RC'], [7, 'R']], 'next': [4, 5]}, 'R'), ({'parents': [1], 'not_during': [3], 'state': [[1, 'G'], [3, 'Y']], 'next': [8]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [3, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'G'], [6, 'RC'], [7, 'G']], 'next': [3]}, 'R')], [({'parents': [1, 2, 5], 'not_during': [4, 6], 'state': [[2, 'R']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [4, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [1]}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[3, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2, 8], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[2, 'Y'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': []}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [1, 3, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[8, 'G'], [3, 'G'], [4, 'R']], 'next': [4]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [6, 'RC']], 'next': [3, 7]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [1, 4, 5], 'not_during': [6, 7], 'state': [[8, 'R']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [6, 7], 'not_during': [1], 'state': [[7, 'Y'], [8, 'RC'], [1, 'Y']], 'next': []}, 'Y')], [({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[3, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [1, 6, 8], 'not_during': [3, 7], 'state': [[1, 'RC'], [3, 'Y']], 'next': [1, 3]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [2, 4, 8], 'not_during': [5, 6], 'state': [[8, 'G'], [3, 'RC'], [5, 'G']], 'next': [7]}, 'R'), ({'parents': [4, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [1]}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [6, 'RC']], 'next': [3, 7]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [1, 4, 7], 'not_during': [8], 'state': [[1, 'R']], 'next': [3]}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2], 'not_during': [1, 4], 'state': [[1, 'G']], 'next': [5]}, 'R'), ({'parents': [1, 2, 4], 'not_during': [5, 8], 'state': [[7, 'RC']], 'next': []}, 'R')], [({'parents': [5, 7], 'not_during': [1, 3], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [7, 'Y'], [3, 'Y']], 'next': []}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [6, 'RC']], 'next': [3, 7]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [4, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [1]}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [1, 4, 5], 'not_during': [2, 6], 'state': [[6, 'Y'], [5, 'Y'], [1, 'R']], 'next': []}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [1, 3, 7], 'not_during': [5, 6], 'state': [[1, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[3, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2], 'not_during': [4, 7], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [1, 'RC'], [7, 'R']], 'next': [7, 8]}, 'R'), ({'parents': [1, 2, 5], 'not_during': [4, 8], 'state': [[4, 'R'], [8, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [7, 8]}, 'Y')], [({'parents': [6, 7], 'not_during': [5, 8], 'state': [[8, 'Y'], [7, 'G']], 'next': [4]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [4, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [1]}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [1, 6, 8], 'not_during': [3, 7], 'state': [[6, 'G'], [1, 'Y'], [7, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2, 4], 'not_during': [6], 'state': [[4, 'Y'], [6, 'Y']], 'next': [2]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [3, 4, 6], 'not_during': [7], 'state': [[2, 'G'], [5, 'R'], [3, 'Y']], 'next': []}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[3, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [6, 'RC']], 'next': [3, 7]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [1, 2, 4], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[8, 'RC']], 'next': [2, 7]}, 'R')]]
for i, (args, expected) in enumerate(fixtures[N-1]):
    check('timing oracle' + ' %d' % i, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)

Boundary fixture	Actual	Expected	Outcome
timing oracle 0	`R`	`G`	Failed
timing oracle 1	`R`	`Y`	Failed
timing oracle 2	`G`	`G`	Passed
timing oracle 3	`R`	`R`	Passed
timing oracle 4	`R`	`G`	Failed
timing oracle 5	`R`	`R`	Passed
timing oracle 6	`G`	`G`	Passed
timing oracle 7	`R`	`R`	Passed

SHA-256 / 295ab458d9cadcc65bbad115b68df32c5631e50a3a0cf1c12f3e185e870c56be

2 / The unsuccessful fix

Exit 1

"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    par = set(x['parents'])
    nd = set(x['not_during'])
    cur = {ph: iv for ph, iv in x['state']}
    if any(cur.get(p) in ('G', 'Y') for p in nd):
        return 'R'
    if any(cur.get(p) == 'G' for p in par):
        return 'G'
    terminating = [p for p in sorted(par) if cur.get(p) in ('Y', 'RC')]
    if terminating:
        if any(p in par for p in x['next']):
            return 'G'
        if any(cur[p] == 'Y' for p in terminating):
            return 'Y'
        return 'R'
    return 'R'
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[({'parents': [4, 5, 8], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[5, 'G'], [7, 'G'], [2, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'G'), ({'parents': [4, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [1]}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [2, 3, 8], 'not_during': [5, 7], 'state': [[5, 'Y'], [3, 'Y'], [4, 'Y']], 'next': [5, 8]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[3, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [6, 'RC']], 'next': [3, 7]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [2, 8], 'not_during': [3, 7], 'state': [[1, 'G'], [5, 'RC'], [7, 'R']], 'next': [4, 5]}, 'R'), ({'parents': [1], 'not_during': [3], 'state': [[1, 'G'], [3, 'Y']], 'next': [8]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [3, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'G'], [6, 'RC'], [7, 'G']], 'next': [3]}, 'R')], [({'parents': [1, 2, 5], 'not_during': [4, 6], 'state': [[2, 'R']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [4, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [1]}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[3, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2, 8], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[2, 'Y'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': []}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [1, 3, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[8, 'G'], [3, 'G'], [4, 'R']], 'next': [4]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [6, 'RC']], 'next': [3, 7]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [1, 4, 5], 'not_during': [6, 7], 'state': [[8, 'R']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [6, 7], 'not_during': [1], 'state': [[7, 'Y'], [8, 'RC'], [1, 'Y']], 'next': []}, 'Y')], [({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[3, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [1, 6, 8], 'not_during': [3, 7], 'state': [[1, 'RC'], [3, 'Y']], 'next': [1, 3]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [2, 4, 8], 'not_during': [5, 6], 'state': [[8, 'G'], [3, 'RC'], [5, 'G']], 'next': [7]}, 'R'), ({'parents': [4, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [1]}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [6, 'RC']], 'next': [3, 7]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [1, 4, 7], 'not_during': [8], 'state': [[1, 'R']], 'next': [3]}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2], 'not_during': [1, 4], 'state': [[1, 'G']], 'next': [5]}, 'R'), ({'parents': [1, 2, 4], 'not_during': [5, 8], 'state': [[7, 'RC']], 'next': []}, 'R')], [({'parents': [5, 7], 'not_during': [1, 3], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [7, 'Y'], [3, 'Y']], 'next': []}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [6, 'RC']], 'next': [3, 7]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [4, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [1]}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [1, 4, 5], 'not_during': [2, 6], 'state': [[6, 'Y'], [5, 'Y'], [1, 'R']], 'next': []}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [1, 3, 7], 'not_during': [5, 6], 'state': [[1, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[3, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2], 'not_during': [4, 7], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [1, 'RC'], [7, 'R']], 'next': [7, 8]}, 'R'), ({'parents': [1, 2, 5], 'not_during': [4, 8], 'state': [[4, 'R'], [8, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [7, 8]}, 'Y')], [({'parents': [6, 7], 'not_during': [5, 8], 'state': [[8, 'Y'], [7, 'G']], 'next': [4]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [4, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [1]}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [1, 6, 8], 'not_during': [3, 7], 'state': [[6, 'G'], [1, 'Y'], [7, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2, 4], 'not_during': [6], 'state': [[4, 'Y'], [6, 'Y']], 'next': [2]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [3, 4, 6], 'not_during': [7], 'state': [[2, 'G'], [5, 'R'], [3, 'Y']], 'next': []}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[3, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [6, 'RC']], 'next': [3, 7]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [1, 2, 4], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[8, 'RC']], 'next': [2, 7]}, 'R')]]
for i, (args, expected) in enumerate(fixtures[N-1]):
    check('timing oracle' + ' %d' % i, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)

Boundary fixture	Actual	Expected	Outcome
timing oracle 0	`G`	`G`	Passed
timing oracle 1	`Y`	`Y`	Passed
timing oracle 2	`R`	`G`	Failed
timing oracle 3	`R`	`R`	Passed
timing oracle 4	`G`	`G`	Passed
timing oracle 5	`R`	`R`	Passed
timing oracle 6	`R`	`G`	Failed
timing oracle 7	`R`	`R`	Passed

SHA-256 / 1620ede17db0642749bd5ee923b7a8003e22b99d79b65b0d5132c449594d5874

3 / The verified repair

Exit 0

"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    par = set(x['parents'])
    nd = set(x['not_during'])
    cur = {ph: iv for ph, iv in x['state']}
    if any(cur.get(p) == 'G' for p in nd):
        return 'R'
    if any(cur.get(p) == 'G' for p in par):
        return 'G'
    terminating = [p for p in sorted(par) if cur.get(p) in ('Y', 'RC')]
    if terminating:
        if any(p in par for p in x['next']):
            return 'G'
        if any(cur[p] == 'Y' for p in terminating):
            return 'Y'
        return 'R'
    return 'R'
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[({'parents': [4, 5, 8], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[5, 'G'], [7, 'G'], [2, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'G'), ({'parents': [4, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [1]}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [2, 3, 8], 'not_during': [5, 7], 'state': [[5, 'Y'], [3, 'Y'], [4, 'Y']], 'next': [5, 8]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[3, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [6, 'RC']], 'next': [3, 7]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [2, 8], 'not_during': [3, 7], 'state': [[1, 'G'], [5, 'RC'], [7, 'R']], 'next': [4, 5]}, 'R'), ({'parents': [1], 'not_during': [3], 'state': [[1, 'G'], [3, 'Y']], 'next': [8]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [3, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'G'], [6, 'RC'], [7, 'G']], 'next': [3]}, 'R')], [({'parents': [1, 2, 5], 'not_during': [4, 6], 'state': [[2, 'R']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [4, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [1]}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[3, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2, 8], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[2, 'Y'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': []}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [1, 3, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[8, 'G'], [3, 'G'], [4, 'R']], 'next': [4]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [6, 'RC']], 'next': [3, 7]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [1, 4, 5], 'not_during': [6, 7], 'state': [[8, 'R']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [6, 7], 'not_during': [1], 'state': [[7, 'Y'], [8, 'RC'], [1, 'Y']], 'next': []}, 'Y')], [({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[3, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [1, 6, 8], 'not_during': [3, 7], 'state': [[1, 'RC'], [3, 'Y']], 'next': [1, 3]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [2, 4, 8], 'not_during': [5, 6], 'state': [[8, 'G'], [3, 'RC'], [5, 'G']], 'next': [7]}, 'R'), ({'parents': [4, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [1]}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [6, 'RC']], 'next': [3, 7]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [1, 4, 7], 'not_during': [8], 'state': [[1, 'R']], 'next': [3]}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2], 'not_during': [1, 4], 'state': [[1, 'G']], 'next': [5]}, 'R'), ({'parents': [1, 2, 4], 'not_during': [5, 8], 'state': [[7, 'RC']], 'next': []}, 'R')], [({'parents': [5, 7], 'not_during': [1, 3], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [7, 'Y'], [3, 'Y']], 'next': []}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [6, 'RC']], 'next': [3, 7]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [4, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [1]}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [1, 4, 5], 'not_during': [2, 6], 'state': [[6, 'Y'], [5, 'Y'], [1, 'R']], 'next': []}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [1, 3, 7], 'not_during': [5, 6], 'state': [[1, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[3, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2], 'not_during': [4, 7], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [1, 'RC'], [7, 'R']], 'next': [7, 8]}, 'R'), ({'parents': [1, 2, 5], 'not_during': [4, 8], 'state': [[4, 'R'], [8, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [7, 8]}, 'Y')], [({'parents': [6, 7], 'not_during': [5, 8], 'state': [[8, 'Y'], [7, 'G']], 'next': [4]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [4, 5], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[4, 'RC'], [5, 'Y']], 'next': [1]}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [1, 6, 8], 'not_during': [3, 7], 'state': [[6, 'G'], [1, 'Y'], [7, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2, 4], 'not_during': [6], 'state': [[4, 'Y'], [6, 'Y']], 'next': [2]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [3, 4, 6], 'not_during': [7], 'state': [[2, 'G'], [5, 'R'], [3, 'Y']], 'next': []}, 'Y'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [5], 'state': [[3, 'G'], [5, 'G']], 'next': []}, 'R'), ({'parents': [2, 3], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[2, 'RC'], [6, 'RC']], 'next': [3, 7]}, 'G'), ({'parents': [1, 2, 4], 'not_during': [], 'state': [[8, 'RC']], 'next': [2, 7]}, 'R')]]
for i, (args, expected) in enumerate(fixtures[N-1]):
    check('timing oracle' + ' %d' % i, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)

Boundary fixture	Actual	Expected	Outcome
timing oracle 0	`G`	`G`	Passed
timing oracle 1	`Y`	`Y`	Passed
timing oracle 2	`G`	`G`	Passed
timing oracle 3	`R`	`R`	Passed
timing oracle 4	`G`	`G`	Passed
timing oracle 5	`R`	`R`	Passed
timing oracle 6	`G`	`G`	Passed
timing oracle 7	`R`	`R`	Passed

SHA-256 / 046a307a97aefaefd64920abda984fac76af628030e6cc6c825ddd07aff16cd2

Verification & scope

A deterministic, bounded toy model with a stipulated contract; it makes no claim of conformance to any agency manual or standard. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.

Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:48:01.065355+00:00.

Case digest / ce5497551b924a8c7a9b4f6760f08ec888693824cd5d0530721855a89ac948ee