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FA-67066 / Railway interlocking logic / Open access

ATP braking curve supervision: line speed ceiling · case 01

The permitted speed exceeds the line speed far from the target.

Verified by executionVariant 1 · 8 checks per implementationDownload source bundle ↓JSON ↗

ROOT CAUSE

The braking-curve speed is not capped by the line speed.

VERIFIED REPAIR

Cap the permitted speed at the line speed.

Unsuccessful approach: Adding the warning margin to the cap double-counts the margin.

Case contract

Permitted speed at the train is sqrt(vt^2 + 2*a*d) with vt the target speed in m/s, a = decel_cms2/100 m/s^2 and d = max(distance - safety margin, 0); convert back to km/h, truncate to an integer (never round up) and cap at line speed. Action is brake if speed > permitted + brake margin, else warning if speed > permitted + warn margin, else none.

Why this case matters

Interlocking logic decides whether trains may be given authority; a wrong decision at this point either grants unsafe movements or strands traffic.

1 / The failure

Exit 1
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import math
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    vt = x['target_kmh'] / 3.6
    d = max(x['distance_m'] - x['safety_margin_m'], 0)
    a = x['decel_cms2'] / 100
    vp = math.sqrt(vt * vt + 2 * a * d) * 3.6
    permitted = int(vp)
    v = x['speed_kmh']
    if v > permitted + x['brake_margin_kmh']:
        action = 'brake'
    elif v > permitted + x['warn_margin_kmh']:
        action = 'warning'
    else:
        action = 'none'
    return {'permitted': permitted, 'action': action}
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[('regression: curve above line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 150, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 9', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 45, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 160, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 5', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 50, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 124, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 8}, {'permitted': 160, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: stop target inside the margin', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 40, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 10, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 0, 'action': 'warning'}), ('boundary: target speed release', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 44, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'none'}), ('control 1', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 139, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 0, 'action': 'brake'}), ('control 4', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 100, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 136, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 45, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 7', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 50, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 59, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 160, 'action': 'none'})], [('regression: curve above line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 150, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 32', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 134, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'warning'}), ('sampled regression 20', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 69, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 160, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: curve below line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 100, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 99, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: warning boundary', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 45, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'none'}), ('control 12', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 133, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 128, 'action': 'warning'}), ('control 15', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 43, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 102, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 18', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 1200, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 6, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'none'})], [('regression: curve above line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 150, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 57', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 70, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 35', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 12, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: warning boundary', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 45, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: brake boundary', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 50, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'warning'}), ('control 23', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 100, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 13, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 8}, {'permitted': 67, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 26', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 86, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 160, 'action': 'none'}), ('control 29', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 250, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 4, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 67, 'action': 'none'})], [('regression: curve above line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 150, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 76', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 1200, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 33, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 80, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 52', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 250, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 50, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 80, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: between warning and brake', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 48, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'warning'}), ('boundary: fractional permitted speed', {'target_kmh': 20, 'distance_m': 100, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 60, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 47, 'action': 'brake'}), ('control 34', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 96, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 0, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 37', {'target_kmh': 20, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 168, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 80, 'action': 'brake'}), ('control 40', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 50, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 70, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 84, 'action': 'none'})], [('regression: curve above line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 150, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 18', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 1200, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 6, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 64', {'target_kmh': 20, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 44, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 8}, {'permitted': 80, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: stop target inside the margin', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 40, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 10, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 0, 'action': 'warning'}), ('boundary: target speed release', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 44, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'none'}), ('control 45', {'target_kmh': 20, 'distance_m': 40, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 133, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 20, 'action': 'brake'}), ('control 48', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 100, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 75, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 60, 'action': 'warning'}), ('control 51', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 50, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 8, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 8}, {'permitted': 106, 'action': 'none'})]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:
    check(label, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
regression: curve above line speed{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 210}{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 120}Failed
sampled regression 9{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 252}{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 160}Failed
sampled regression 5{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 189}{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 160}Failed
boundary: stop target inside the margin{'action': 'warning', 'permitted': 0}{'action': 'warning', 'permitted': 0}Passed
boundary: target speed release{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 40}{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 40}Passed
control 1{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 0}{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 0}Passed
control 4{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 45}{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 45}Passed
sampled regression 7{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 183}{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 160}Failed

SHA-256 / 8458382ffe888db9800240315acf034d7a6afd516ed9697ca2406d68a2ea95aa

2 / The unsuccessful fix

Exit 1
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import math
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    vt = x['target_kmh'] / 3.6
    d = max(x['distance_m'] - x['safety_margin_m'], 0)
    a = x['decel_cms2'] / 100
    vp = math.sqrt(vt * vt + 2 * a * d) * 3.6
    permitted = min(int(vp), x['line_kmh'] + x['warn_margin_kmh'])
    v = x['speed_kmh']
    if v > permitted + x['brake_margin_kmh']:
        action = 'brake'
    elif v > permitted + x['warn_margin_kmh']:
        action = 'warning'
    else:
        action = 'none'
    return {'permitted': permitted, 'action': action}
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[('regression: curve above line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 150, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 9', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 45, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 160, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 5', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 50, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 124, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 8}, {'permitted': 160, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: stop target inside the margin', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 40, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 10, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 0, 'action': 'warning'}), ('boundary: target speed release', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 44, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'none'}), ('control 1', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 139, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 0, 'action': 'brake'}), ('control 4', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 100, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 136, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 45, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 7', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 50, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 59, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 160, 'action': 'none'})], [('regression: curve above line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 150, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 32', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 134, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'warning'}), ('sampled regression 20', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 69, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 160, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: curve below line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 100, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 99, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: warning boundary', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 45, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'none'}), ('control 12', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 133, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 128, 'action': 'warning'}), ('control 15', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 43, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 102, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 18', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 1200, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 6, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'none'})], [('regression: curve above line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 150, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 57', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 70, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 35', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 12, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: warning boundary', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 45, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: brake boundary', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 50, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'warning'}), ('control 23', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 100, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 13, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 8}, {'permitted': 67, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 26', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 86, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 160, 'action': 'none'}), ('control 29', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 250, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 4, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 67, 'action': 'none'})], [('regression: curve above line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 150, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 76', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 1200, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 33, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 80, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 52', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 250, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 50, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 80, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: between warning and brake', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 48, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'warning'}), ('boundary: fractional permitted speed', {'target_kmh': 20, 'distance_m': 100, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 60, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 47, 'action': 'brake'}), ('control 34', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 96, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 0, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 37', {'target_kmh': 20, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 168, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 80, 'action': 'brake'}), ('control 40', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 50, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 70, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 84, 'action': 'none'})], [('regression: curve above line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 150, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 18', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 1200, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 6, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 64', {'target_kmh': 20, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 44, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 8}, {'permitted': 80, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: stop target inside the margin', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 40, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 10, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 0, 'action': 'warning'}), ('boundary: target speed release', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 44, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'none'}), ('control 45', {'target_kmh': 20, 'distance_m': 40, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 133, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 20, 'action': 'brake'}), ('control 48', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 100, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 75, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 60, 'action': 'warning'}), ('control 51', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 50, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 8, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 8}, {'permitted': 106, 'action': 'none'})]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:
    check(label, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
regression: curve above line speed{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 125}{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 120}Failed
sampled regression 9{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 165}{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 160}Failed
sampled regression 5{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 163}{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 160}Failed
boundary: stop target inside the margin{'action': 'warning', 'permitted': 0}{'action': 'warning', 'permitted': 0}Passed
boundary: target speed release{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 40}{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 40}Passed
control 1{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 0}{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 0}Passed
control 4{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 45}{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 45}Passed
sampled regression 7{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 163}{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 160}Failed

SHA-256 / f79d462cfe3ca4f20946cd27c9faeae65e83020dc6f772862c4d3731acaef81d

3 / The verified repair

Exit 0
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import math
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    vt = x['target_kmh'] / 3.6
    d = max(x['distance_m'] - x['safety_margin_m'], 0)
    a = x['decel_cms2'] / 100
    vp = math.sqrt(vt * vt + 2 * a * d) * 3.6
    permitted = min(int(vp), x['line_kmh'])
    v = x['speed_kmh']
    if v > permitted + x['brake_margin_kmh']:
        action = 'brake'
    elif v > permitted + x['warn_margin_kmh']:
        action = 'warning'
    else:
        action = 'none'
    return {'permitted': permitted, 'action': action}
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[('regression: curve above line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 150, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 9', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 45, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 160, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 5', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 50, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 124, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 8}, {'permitted': 160, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: stop target inside the margin', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 40, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 10, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 0, 'action': 'warning'}), ('boundary: target speed release', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 44, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'none'}), ('control 1', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 139, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 0, 'action': 'brake'}), ('control 4', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 100, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 136, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 45, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 7', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 50, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 59, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 160, 'action': 'none'})], [('regression: curve above line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 150, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 32', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 134, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'warning'}), ('sampled regression 20', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 69, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 160, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: curve below line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 100, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 99, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: warning boundary', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 45, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'none'}), ('control 12', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 133, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 128, 'action': 'warning'}), ('control 15', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 43, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 102, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 18', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 1200, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 6, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'none'})], [('regression: curve above line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 150, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 57', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 70, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 35', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 12, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: warning boundary', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 45, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: brake boundary', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 50, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'warning'}), ('control 23', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 100, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 13, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 8}, {'permitted': 67, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 26', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 86, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 160, 'action': 'none'}), ('control 29', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 250, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 4, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 67, 'action': 'none'})], [('regression: curve above line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 150, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 76', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 1200, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 33, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 80, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 52', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 250, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 50, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 80, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: between warning and brake', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 48, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'warning'}), ('boundary: fractional permitted speed', {'target_kmh': 20, 'distance_m': 100, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 60, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 47, 'action': 'brake'}), ('control 34', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 96, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 0, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 37', {'target_kmh': 20, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 168, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 80, 'action': 'brake'}), ('control 40', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 50, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 70, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 84, 'action': 'none'})], [('regression: curve above line speed', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 2500, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 150, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'brake'}), ('sampled regression 18', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 1200, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 120, 'speed_kmh': 6, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 120, 'action': 'none'}), ('sampled regression 64', {'target_kmh': 20, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 44, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 8}, {'permitted': 80, 'action': 'none'}), ('boundary: stop target inside the margin', {'target_kmh': 0, 'distance_m': 40, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 10, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 0, 'action': 'warning'}), ('boundary: target speed release', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 0, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 44, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 40, 'action': 'none'}), ('control 45', {'target_kmh': 20, 'distance_m': 40, 'safety_margin_m': 50, 'decel_cms2': 70, 'line_kmh': 80, 'speed_kmh': 133, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 10}, {'permitted': 20, 'action': 'brake'}), ('control 48', {'target_kmh': 40, 'distance_m': 100, 'safety_margin_m': 20, 'decel_cms2': 100, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 75, 'warn_margin_kmh': 3, 'brake_margin_kmh': 15}, {'permitted': 60, 'action': 'warning'}), ('control 51', {'target_kmh': 60, 'distance_m': 600, 'safety_margin_m': 0, 'decel_cms2': 50, 'line_kmh': 160, 'speed_kmh': 8, 'warn_margin_kmh': 5, 'brake_margin_kmh': 8}, {'permitted': 106, 'action': 'none'})]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:
    check(label, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
regression: curve above line speed{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 120}{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 120}Passed
sampled regression 9{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 160}{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 160}Passed
sampled regression 5{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 160}{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 160}Passed
boundary: stop target inside the margin{'action': 'warning', 'permitted': 0}{'action': 'warning', 'permitted': 0}Passed
boundary: target speed release{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 40}{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 40}Passed
control 1{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 0}{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 0}Passed
control 4{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 45}{'action': 'brake', 'permitted': 45}Passed
sampled regression 7{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 160}{'action': 'none', 'permitted': 160}Passed

SHA-256 / d12ea15ad73f9f778f6363db0a8b64e2dd7bb0abc90d27bc5a753c3271772b1b

Verification & scope

Stipulated toy interlocking contract for a bounded teaching model; it makes no claim of conformance to any railway signalling standard and omits real safety cases. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.

Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:47:49.402064+00:00.

Case digest / 3422619bbfed7de988e5bdd6fc474feff20739e722478a00b4024ea7c7bb36aa