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FA-61491 / Options payoff and settlement / Open access

Option strategy max gain, max loss and breakevens: maximum loss is inferred from the presence of a short call · case 01

Covered calls report unbounded loss while naked short stock reports a finite loss.

Verified by executionVariant 1 · 8 checks per implementationDownload source bundle ↓JSON ↗

ROOT CAUSE

Unbounded loss is flagged by leg type instead of by the tail slope.

VERIFIED REPAIR

Report an unbounded loss when the tail slope is negative.

Unsuccessful approach: Ignoring the tail entirely reports a finite loss for naked short calls.

Case contract

Inputs legs [kind C/P/S, strike (purchase price for stock S), signed qty, premium] and a multiplier. Expiry value V(S) = multiplier * sum(q*(intrinsic - premium)) for options and q*(S - price) for stock, in exact fractions. Breakpoints are 0 and every strike. Tail slope = V(top+1)-V(top). Max gain is None if the slope > 0 else the max over breakpoints; max loss is None if slope < 0 else the min. Breakevens are zeros at breakpoints and linear-interpolated sign changes between them and in the tail. Return [gain, loss, breakevens] rounded to 4.

Why this case matters

Option expiry, exercise and settlement engines move cash and shares; a wrong branch misstates obligations.

1 / The failure

Exit 1
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
from fractions import Fraction
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(legs, multiplier):
    def value(S):
        t = Fraction(0)
        for kind, k, q, prem in legs:
            p = Fraction(str(prem))
            if kind == 'C':
                t += q * (max(S - k, 0) - p)
            elif kind == 'P':
                t += q * (max(k - S, 0) - p)
            else:
                t += q * (S - k)
        return t * multiplier
    pts = sorted(set([0] + [leg[1] for leg in legs]))
    top = pts[-1]
    slope = value(top + 1) - value(top)
    vals = [value(p) for p in pts]
    gain = None if slope > 0 else max(vals)
    loss = min(vals)
    bes = []
    for a, b in zip(pts, pts[1:]):
        va, vb = value(a), value(b)
        if va == 0:
            bes.append(Fraction(a))
        elif va * vb < 0:
            bes.append(a - va * (b - a) / (vb - va))
    vt = value(top)
    if vt == 0:
        bes.append(Fraction(top))
    elif vt * slope < 0:
        bes.append(top - vt / slope)
    def r4(x):
        return None if x is None else float(round(x, 4))
    return [r4(gain), r4(loss), [r4(x) for x in sorted(set(bes))]]
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[['regression unbounded loss detection 1', [[['C', 90, -1, 3.4], ['C', 100, 1, 0.5], ['C', 115, -1, 5.1]], 100], [800.0, None, [98.0]]], ['regression unbounded loss detection 2', [[['S', 105, -1, 0.0]], 100], [10500.0, None, [105.0]]], ['partial repair probe 1', [[['P', 105, 1, 7.75], ['S', 90, 2, 0.0], ['C', 100, -2, 2.0]], 1], [21.25, -78.75, [78.75]]], ['partial repair probe 2', [[['C', 90, -1, 7.75], ['P', 120, 2, 1.25], ['P', 105, 1, 3.4], ['S', 95, 1, 0.0]], 100], [25185.0, -315.0, [118.425]]], ['boundary control 1', [[['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 100], [None, -200.0, [102.0]]], ['boundary control 2', [[['P', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]], ['normal control 1', [[['P', 100, -1, 0.5]], 100], [50.0, -9950.0, [99.5]]], ['normal control 2', [[['C', 100, 2, 0.5], ['P', 85, 2, 2.0]], 1], [None, -5.0, [82.5, 102.5]]]], [['regression unbounded loss detection 1', [[['S', 110, 1, 0.0], ['C', 110, -1, 7.75], ['C', 80, -1, 3.4]], 1], [-18.85, None, []]], ['regression unbounded loss detection 2', [[['P', 120, -1, 2.0], ['C', 95, -2, 7.75], ['C', 105, 1, 2.0], ['P', 80, -2, 3.4]], 1], [-2.7, None, []]], ['partial repair probe 1', [[['C', 120, 1, 7.75], ['P', 110, -1, 7.75], ['P', 85, -2, 3.4], ['C', 95, -1, 3.4]], 100], [-480.0, -26980.0, []]], ['partial repair probe 2', [[['S', 85, 1, 0.0], ['C', 110, -2, 3.4], ['S', 90, 1, 0.0]], 1], [51.8, -168.2, [84.1]]], ['boundary control 1', [[['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 100], [None, -200.0, [102.0]]], ['boundary control 2', [[['P', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]], ['normal control 1', [[['P', 115, 1, 7.75], ['P', 105, 1, 0.5], ['P', 85, -2, 5.1], ['S', 100, 1, 0.0]], 100], [None, -4805.0, [48.05]]], ['normal control 2', [[['P', 85, -1, 5.1], ['C', 110, 2, 5.1], ['P', 105, 1, 2.0]], 1], [None, -7.1, [97.9, 113.55]]]], [['regression unbounded loss detection 1', [[['C', 100, 1, 1.25], ['S', 80, -1, 0.0], ['C', 120, -1, 0.5]], 100], [7925.0, None, [79.25]]], ['regression unbounded loss detection 2', [[['S', 95, -2, 0.0], ['C', 95, -1, 2.0], ['C', 90, 1, 1.25]], 1], [190.75, None, [97.875]]], ['partial repair probe 1', [[['P', 105, -1, 5.1], ['P', 95, 1, 1.25], ['C', 100, -1, 1.25], ['C', 90, 2, 3.4]], 100], [None, -1170.0, [95.5667]]], ['partial repair probe 2', [[['P', 85, 1, 5.1], ['S', 110, 1, 0.0], ['C', 110, -1, 0.5]], 1], [-4.6, -29.6, []]], ['boundary control 1', [[['P', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]], ['boundary control 2', [[['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 100], [None, -200.0, [102.0]]], ['normal control 1', [[['P', 105, 1, 1.25], ['C', 80, 2, 3.4]], 100], [None, 1695.0, []]], ['normal control 2', [[['P', 115, 1, 1.25], ['P', 90, -1, 1.25]], 1], [25.0, 0.0, [115.0]]]], [['regression unbounded loss detection 1', [[['C', 85, -2, 7.75], ['P', 100, 2, 1.25], ['S', 100, -2, 0.0], ['C', 95, 1, 3.4]], 100], [40960.0, None, [96.92]]], ['regression unbounded loss detection 2', [[['C', 100, -1, 7.75], ['C', 115, -2, 5.1], ['C', 110, 1, 7.75], ['P', 115, -2, 7.75]], 100], [1570.0, None, [104.3, 122.85]]], ['partial repair probe 1', [[['C', 105, -2, 1.25], ['P', 115, 1, 3.4], ['S', 115, 1, 0.0], ['C', 95, 1, 2.0]], 100], [710.0, -290.0, [97.9, 112.1]]], ['partial repair probe 2', [[['C', 115, -1, 2.0], ['P', 115, -2, 5.1], ['S', 120, 1, 0.0], ['C', 100, 1, 0.5]], 1], [None, -338.3, [109.575]]], ['boundary control 1', [[['P', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]], ['boundary control 2', [[['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 100], [None, -200.0, [102.0]]], ['normal control 1', [[['P', 95, 1, 1.25], ['S', 85, -2, 0.0], ['C', 110, 1, 2.0], ['C', 80, 2, 2.0]], 100], [None, 275.0, []]], ['normal control 2', [[['P', 95, 2, 0.5], ['P', 100, 1, 0.5], ['P', 115, -2, 7.75], ['S', 110, 1, 0.0]], 1], [None, -36.0, [108.6667]]]], [['regression unbounded loss detection 1', [[['C', 100, -2, 0.5], ['C', 100, -1, 0.5], ['P', 80, 1, 3.4], ['P', 110, 2, 0.5]], 100], [29710.0, None, [103.42]]], ['regression unbounded loss detection 2', [[['P', 100, -1, 0.5], ['C', 110, -1, 7.75], ['P', 95, 1, 2.0]], 1], [6.25, None, [116.25]]], ['partial repair probe 1', [[['C', 80, -1, 1.25], ['S', 115, 2, 0.0], ['P', 105, -1, 0.5], ['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [None, -335.25, [125.125]]], ['partial repair probe 2', [[['C', 80, -1, 5.1], ['S', 115, 1, 0.0], ['P', 100, -1, 5.1], ['P', 120, 2, 0.5]], 1], [34.2, -25.8, [107.1]]], ['boundary control 1', [[['P', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]], ['boundary control 2', [[['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 100], [None, -200.0, [102.0]]], ['normal control 1', [[['P', 85, 1, 7.75], ['C', 100, 1, 3.4], ['P', 110, -2, 3.4]], 1], [None, -139.35, [108.1167]]], ['normal control 2', [[['P', 90, -2, 2.0]], 1], [4.0, -176.0, [88.0]]]]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:
    check(label, solve(*args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
regression unbounded loss detection 1[800.0, -200.0, [98.0]][800.0, None, [98.0]]Failed
regression unbounded loss detection 2[10500.0, 0.0, [105.0]][10500.0, None, [105.0]]Failed
partial repair probe 1[21.25, -78.75, [78.75]][21.25, -78.75, [78.75]]Passed
partial repair probe 2[25185.0, -315.0, [118.425]][25185.0, -315.0, [118.425]]Passed
boundary control 1[None, -200.0, [102.0]][None, -200.0, [102.0]]Passed
boundary control 2[98.0, -2.0, [98.0]][98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]Passed
normal control 1[50.0, -9950.0, [99.5]][50.0, -9950.0, [99.5]]Passed
normal control 2[None, -5.0, [82.5, 102.5]][None, -5.0, [82.5, 102.5]]Passed

SHA-256 / 57becafaec64bf46ef336583998478a6dd4fe88bb69a94e05ca66c338e077a67

2 / The unsuccessful fix

Exit 1
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
from fractions import Fraction
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(legs, multiplier):
    def value(S):
        t = Fraction(0)
        for kind, k, q, prem in legs:
            p = Fraction(str(prem))
            if kind == 'C':
                t += q * (max(S - k, 0) - p)
            elif kind == 'P':
                t += q * (max(k - S, 0) - p)
            else:
                t += q * (S - k)
        return t * multiplier
    pts = sorted(set([0] + [leg[1] for leg in legs]))
    top = pts[-1]
    slope = value(top + 1) - value(top)
    vals = [value(p) for p in pts]
    gain = None if slope > 0 else max(vals)
    loss = None if any(l[0] == 'C' and l[2] < 0 for l in legs) else min(vals)
    bes = []
    for a, b in zip(pts, pts[1:]):
        va, vb = value(a), value(b)
        if va == 0:
            bes.append(Fraction(a))
        elif va * vb < 0:
            bes.append(a - va * (b - a) / (vb - va))
    vt = value(top)
    if vt == 0:
        bes.append(Fraction(top))
    elif vt * slope < 0:
        bes.append(top - vt / slope)
    def r4(x):
        return None if x is None else float(round(x, 4))
    return [r4(gain), r4(loss), [r4(x) for x in sorted(set(bes))]]
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[['regression unbounded loss detection 1', [[['C', 90, -1, 3.4], ['C', 100, 1, 0.5], ['C', 115, -1, 5.1]], 100], [800.0, None, [98.0]]], ['regression unbounded loss detection 2', [[['S', 105, -1, 0.0]], 100], [10500.0, None, [105.0]]], ['partial repair probe 1', [[['P', 105, 1, 7.75], ['S', 90, 2, 0.0], ['C', 100, -2, 2.0]], 1], [21.25, -78.75, [78.75]]], ['partial repair probe 2', [[['C', 90, -1, 7.75], ['P', 120, 2, 1.25], ['P', 105, 1, 3.4], ['S', 95, 1, 0.0]], 100], [25185.0, -315.0, [118.425]]], ['boundary control 1', [[['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 100], [None, -200.0, [102.0]]], ['boundary control 2', [[['P', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]], ['normal control 1', [[['P', 100, -1, 0.5]], 100], [50.0, -9950.0, [99.5]]], ['normal control 2', [[['C', 100, 2, 0.5], ['P', 85, 2, 2.0]], 1], [None, -5.0, [82.5, 102.5]]]], [['regression unbounded loss detection 1', [[['S', 110, 1, 0.0], ['C', 110, -1, 7.75], ['C', 80, -1, 3.4]], 1], [-18.85, None, []]], ['regression unbounded loss detection 2', [[['P', 120, -1, 2.0], ['C', 95, -2, 7.75], ['C', 105, 1, 2.0], ['P', 80, -2, 3.4]], 1], [-2.7, None, []]], ['partial repair probe 1', [[['C', 120, 1, 7.75], ['P', 110, -1, 7.75], ['P', 85, -2, 3.4], ['C', 95, -1, 3.4]], 100], [-480.0, -26980.0, []]], ['partial repair probe 2', [[['S', 85, 1, 0.0], ['C', 110, -2, 3.4], ['S', 90, 1, 0.0]], 1], [51.8, -168.2, [84.1]]], ['boundary control 1', [[['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 100], [None, -200.0, [102.0]]], ['boundary control 2', [[['P', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]], ['normal control 1', [[['P', 115, 1, 7.75], ['P', 105, 1, 0.5], ['P', 85, -2, 5.1], ['S', 100, 1, 0.0]], 100], [None, -4805.0, [48.05]]], ['normal control 2', [[['P', 85, -1, 5.1], ['C', 110, 2, 5.1], ['P', 105, 1, 2.0]], 1], [None, -7.1, [97.9, 113.55]]]], [['regression unbounded loss detection 1', [[['C', 100, 1, 1.25], ['S', 80, -1, 0.0], ['C', 120, -1, 0.5]], 100], [7925.0, None, [79.25]]], ['regression unbounded loss detection 2', [[['S', 95, -2, 0.0], ['C', 95, -1, 2.0], ['C', 90, 1, 1.25]], 1], [190.75, None, [97.875]]], ['partial repair probe 1', [[['P', 105, -1, 5.1], ['P', 95, 1, 1.25], ['C', 100, -1, 1.25], ['C', 90, 2, 3.4]], 100], [None, -1170.0, [95.5667]]], ['partial repair probe 2', [[['P', 85, 1, 5.1], ['S', 110, 1, 0.0], ['C', 110, -1, 0.5]], 1], [-4.6, -29.6, []]], ['boundary control 1', [[['P', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]], ['boundary control 2', [[['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 100], [None, -200.0, [102.0]]], ['normal control 1', [[['P', 105, 1, 1.25], ['C', 80, 2, 3.4]], 100], [None, 1695.0, []]], ['normal control 2', [[['P', 115, 1, 1.25], ['P', 90, -1, 1.25]], 1], [25.0, 0.0, [115.0]]]], [['regression unbounded loss detection 1', [[['C', 85, -2, 7.75], ['P', 100, 2, 1.25], ['S', 100, -2, 0.0], ['C', 95, 1, 3.4]], 100], [40960.0, None, [96.92]]], ['regression unbounded loss detection 2', [[['C', 100, -1, 7.75], ['C', 115, -2, 5.1], ['C', 110, 1, 7.75], ['P', 115, -2, 7.75]], 100], [1570.0, None, [104.3, 122.85]]], ['partial repair probe 1', [[['C', 105, -2, 1.25], ['P', 115, 1, 3.4], ['S', 115, 1, 0.0], ['C', 95, 1, 2.0]], 100], [710.0, -290.0, [97.9, 112.1]]], ['partial repair probe 2', [[['C', 115, -1, 2.0], ['P', 115, -2, 5.1], ['S', 120, 1, 0.0], ['C', 100, 1, 0.5]], 1], [None, -338.3, [109.575]]], ['boundary control 1', [[['P', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]], ['boundary control 2', [[['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 100], [None, -200.0, [102.0]]], ['normal control 1', [[['P', 95, 1, 1.25], ['S', 85, -2, 0.0], ['C', 110, 1, 2.0], ['C', 80, 2, 2.0]], 100], [None, 275.0, []]], ['normal control 2', [[['P', 95, 2, 0.5], ['P', 100, 1, 0.5], ['P', 115, -2, 7.75], ['S', 110, 1, 0.0]], 1], [None, -36.0, [108.6667]]]], [['regression unbounded loss detection 1', [[['C', 100, -2, 0.5], ['C', 100, -1, 0.5], ['P', 80, 1, 3.4], ['P', 110, 2, 0.5]], 100], [29710.0, None, [103.42]]], ['regression unbounded loss detection 2', [[['P', 100, -1, 0.5], ['C', 110, -1, 7.75], ['P', 95, 1, 2.0]], 1], [6.25, None, [116.25]]], ['partial repair probe 1', [[['C', 80, -1, 1.25], ['S', 115, 2, 0.0], ['P', 105, -1, 0.5], ['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [None, -335.25, [125.125]]], ['partial repair probe 2', [[['C', 80, -1, 5.1], ['S', 115, 1, 0.0], ['P', 100, -1, 5.1], ['P', 120, 2, 0.5]], 1], [34.2, -25.8, [107.1]]], ['boundary control 1', [[['P', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]], ['boundary control 2', [[['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 100], [None, -200.0, [102.0]]], ['normal control 1', [[['P', 85, 1, 7.75], ['C', 100, 1, 3.4], ['P', 110, -2, 3.4]], 1], [None, -139.35, [108.1167]]], ['normal control 2', [[['P', 90, -2, 2.0]], 1], [4.0, -176.0, [88.0]]]]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:
    check(label, solve(*args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
regression unbounded loss detection 1[800.0, None, [98.0]][800.0, None, [98.0]]Passed
regression unbounded loss detection 2[10500.0, 0.0, [105.0]][10500.0, None, [105.0]]Failed
partial repair probe 1[21.25, None, [78.75]][21.25, -78.75, [78.75]]Failed
partial repair probe 2[25185.0, None, [118.425]][25185.0, -315.0, [118.425]]Failed
boundary control 1[None, -200.0, [102.0]][None, -200.0, [102.0]]Passed
boundary control 2[98.0, -2.0, [98.0]][98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]Passed
normal control 1[50.0, -9950.0, [99.5]][50.0, -9950.0, [99.5]]Passed
normal control 2[None, -5.0, [82.5, 102.5]][None, -5.0, [82.5, 102.5]]Passed

SHA-256 / 8fc89b9acb0c6b7e9df96ed8528055ea309c3f1491451e4b500f5b37943081a8

3 / The verified repair

Exit 0
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
from fractions import Fraction
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(legs, multiplier):
    def value(S):
        t = Fraction(0)
        for kind, k, q, prem in legs:
            p = Fraction(str(prem))
            if kind == 'C':
                t += q * (max(S - k, 0) - p)
            elif kind == 'P':
                t += q * (max(k - S, 0) - p)
            else:
                t += q * (S - k)
        return t * multiplier
    pts = sorted(set([0] + [leg[1] for leg in legs]))
    top = pts[-1]
    slope = value(top + 1) - value(top)
    vals = [value(p) for p in pts]
    gain = None if slope > 0 else max(vals)
    loss = None if slope < 0 else min(vals)
    bes = []
    for a, b in zip(pts, pts[1:]):
        va, vb = value(a), value(b)
        if va == 0:
            bes.append(Fraction(a))
        elif va * vb < 0:
            bes.append(a - va * (b - a) / (vb - va))
    vt = value(top)
    if vt == 0:
        bes.append(Fraction(top))
    elif vt * slope < 0:
        bes.append(top - vt / slope)
    def r4(x):
        return None if x is None else float(round(x, 4))
    return [r4(gain), r4(loss), [r4(x) for x in sorted(set(bes))]]
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[['regression unbounded loss detection 1', [[['C', 90, -1, 3.4], ['C', 100, 1, 0.5], ['C', 115, -1, 5.1]], 100], [800.0, None, [98.0]]], ['regression unbounded loss detection 2', [[['S', 105, -1, 0.0]], 100], [10500.0, None, [105.0]]], ['partial repair probe 1', [[['P', 105, 1, 7.75], ['S', 90, 2, 0.0], ['C', 100, -2, 2.0]], 1], [21.25, -78.75, [78.75]]], ['partial repair probe 2', [[['C', 90, -1, 7.75], ['P', 120, 2, 1.25], ['P', 105, 1, 3.4], ['S', 95, 1, 0.0]], 100], [25185.0, -315.0, [118.425]]], ['boundary control 1', [[['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 100], [None, -200.0, [102.0]]], ['boundary control 2', [[['P', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]], ['normal control 1', [[['P', 100, -1, 0.5]], 100], [50.0, -9950.0, [99.5]]], ['normal control 2', [[['C', 100, 2, 0.5], ['P', 85, 2, 2.0]], 1], [None, -5.0, [82.5, 102.5]]]], [['regression unbounded loss detection 1', [[['S', 110, 1, 0.0], ['C', 110, -1, 7.75], ['C', 80, -1, 3.4]], 1], [-18.85, None, []]], ['regression unbounded loss detection 2', [[['P', 120, -1, 2.0], ['C', 95, -2, 7.75], ['C', 105, 1, 2.0], ['P', 80, -2, 3.4]], 1], [-2.7, None, []]], ['partial repair probe 1', [[['C', 120, 1, 7.75], ['P', 110, -1, 7.75], ['P', 85, -2, 3.4], ['C', 95, -1, 3.4]], 100], [-480.0, -26980.0, []]], ['partial repair probe 2', [[['S', 85, 1, 0.0], ['C', 110, -2, 3.4], ['S', 90, 1, 0.0]], 1], [51.8, -168.2, [84.1]]], ['boundary control 1', [[['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 100], [None, -200.0, [102.0]]], ['boundary control 2', [[['P', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]], ['normal control 1', [[['P', 115, 1, 7.75], ['P', 105, 1, 0.5], ['P', 85, -2, 5.1], ['S', 100, 1, 0.0]], 100], [None, -4805.0, [48.05]]], ['normal control 2', [[['P', 85, -1, 5.1], ['C', 110, 2, 5.1], ['P', 105, 1, 2.0]], 1], [None, -7.1, [97.9, 113.55]]]], [['regression unbounded loss detection 1', [[['C', 100, 1, 1.25], ['S', 80, -1, 0.0], ['C', 120, -1, 0.5]], 100], [7925.0, None, [79.25]]], ['regression unbounded loss detection 2', [[['S', 95, -2, 0.0], ['C', 95, -1, 2.0], ['C', 90, 1, 1.25]], 1], [190.75, None, [97.875]]], ['partial repair probe 1', [[['P', 105, -1, 5.1], ['P', 95, 1, 1.25], ['C', 100, -1, 1.25], ['C', 90, 2, 3.4]], 100], [None, -1170.0, [95.5667]]], ['partial repair probe 2', [[['P', 85, 1, 5.1], ['S', 110, 1, 0.0], ['C', 110, -1, 0.5]], 1], [-4.6, -29.6, []]], ['boundary control 1', [[['P', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]], ['boundary control 2', [[['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 100], [None, -200.0, [102.0]]], ['normal control 1', [[['P', 105, 1, 1.25], ['C', 80, 2, 3.4]], 100], [None, 1695.0, []]], ['normal control 2', [[['P', 115, 1, 1.25], ['P', 90, -1, 1.25]], 1], [25.0, 0.0, [115.0]]]], [['regression unbounded loss detection 1', [[['C', 85, -2, 7.75], ['P', 100, 2, 1.25], ['S', 100, -2, 0.0], ['C', 95, 1, 3.4]], 100], [40960.0, None, [96.92]]], ['regression unbounded loss detection 2', [[['C', 100, -1, 7.75], ['C', 115, -2, 5.1], ['C', 110, 1, 7.75], ['P', 115, -2, 7.75]], 100], [1570.0, None, [104.3, 122.85]]], ['partial repair probe 1', [[['C', 105, -2, 1.25], ['P', 115, 1, 3.4], ['S', 115, 1, 0.0], ['C', 95, 1, 2.0]], 100], [710.0, -290.0, [97.9, 112.1]]], ['partial repair probe 2', [[['C', 115, -1, 2.0], ['P', 115, -2, 5.1], ['S', 120, 1, 0.0], ['C', 100, 1, 0.5]], 1], [None, -338.3, [109.575]]], ['boundary control 1', [[['P', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]], ['boundary control 2', [[['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 100], [None, -200.0, [102.0]]], ['normal control 1', [[['P', 95, 1, 1.25], ['S', 85, -2, 0.0], ['C', 110, 1, 2.0], ['C', 80, 2, 2.0]], 100], [None, 275.0, []]], ['normal control 2', [[['P', 95, 2, 0.5], ['P', 100, 1, 0.5], ['P', 115, -2, 7.75], ['S', 110, 1, 0.0]], 1], [None, -36.0, [108.6667]]]], [['regression unbounded loss detection 1', [[['C', 100, -2, 0.5], ['C', 100, -1, 0.5], ['P', 80, 1, 3.4], ['P', 110, 2, 0.5]], 100], [29710.0, None, [103.42]]], ['regression unbounded loss detection 2', [[['P', 100, -1, 0.5], ['C', 110, -1, 7.75], ['P', 95, 1, 2.0]], 1], [6.25, None, [116.25]]], ['partial repair probe 1', [[['C', 80, -1, 1.25], ['S', 115, 2, 0.0], ['P', 105, -1, 0.5], ['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [None, -335.25, [125.125]]], ['partial repair probe 2', [[['C', 80, -1, 5.1], ['S', 115, 1, 0.0], ['P', 100, -1, 5.1], ['P', 120, 2, 0.5]], 1], [34.2, -25.8, [107.1]]], ['boundary control 1', [[['P', 100, 1, 2.0]], 1], [98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]], ['boundary control 2', [[['C', 100, 1, 2.0]], 100], [None, -200.0, [102.0]]], ['normal control 1', [[['P', 85, 1, 7.75], ['C', 100, 1, 3.4], ['P', 110, -2, 3.4]], 1], [None, -139.35, [108.1167]]], ['normal control 2', [[['P', 90, -2, 2.0]], 1], [4.0, -176.0, [88.0]]]]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:
    check(label, solve(*args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
regression unbounded loss detection 1[800.0, None, [98.0]][800.0, None, [98.0]]Passed
regression unbounded loss detection 2[10500.0, None, [105.0]][10500.0, None, [105.0]]Passed
partial repair probe 1[21.25, -78.75, [78.75]][21.25, -78.75, [78.75]]Passed
partial repair probe 2[25185.0, -315.0, [118.425]][25185.0, -315.0, [118.425]]Passed
boundary control 1[None, -200.0, [102.0]][None, -200.0, [102.0]]Passed
boundary control 2[98.0, -2.0, [98.0]][98.0, -2.0, [98.0]]Passed
normal control 1[50.0, -9950.0, [99.5]][50.0, -9950.0, [99.5]]Passed
normal control 2[None, -5.0, [82.5, 102.5]][None, -5.0, [82.5, 102.5]]Passed

SHA-256 / 463b5f16cd7e52fc88739b83cb37f095ea4db961d5eb71ab57daff67351d3584

Verification & scope

A deterministic toy contract stated explicitly in the contract field; no claim of conformance to any exchange or clearing rulebook. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.

Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:46:55.714992+00:00.

Case digest / 5bbc6493745d1fe4429475f37f37dde3de8b56f433206e9bc433390024536826