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FA-60166 / Inventory cost layering / Open access

Negative inventory provisional costing: provisional cost source · case 01

Backordered issues are always costed at the item default even after real receipts established a price.

Verified by executionVariant 1 · 7 checks per implementationDownload source bundle ↓JSON ↗

ROOT CAUSE

The provisional cost uses the configured default instead of the last receipt cost.

VERIFIED REPAIR

Use the most recent receipt cost, falling back to the default before any receipt.

Unsuccessful approach: Choosing the default only when no layers remain is the same as always choosing it at that point.

Case contract

Events: receipts ["recv",qty,cost] and issues ["issue",qty]. Issues draw FIFO layers; any shortfall is issued provisionally at the last receipt cost (default_cost before any receipt) and queued as a backorder. A receipt first settles backorders oldest first, returning the true-up qty*(receipt cost - provisional cost); only the remainder becomes a layer. Return {results, layers, backorder}.

Why this case matters

Inventory valuation and cost-of-goods decisions depend on this rule.

1 / The failure

Exit 1
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    layers = []
    neg = []
    last = x['default_cost']
    out = []
    for ev in x['events']:
        if ev[0] == 'recv':
            q, c = ev[1], ev[2]
            adj = 0
            while q > 0 and neg:
                k = 0
                t = min(q, neg[k][0])
                adj += t * (c - neg[k][1])
                neg[k][0] -= t
                q -= t
                if neg[k][0] == 0:
                    neg.pop(k)
            if q > 0:
                layers.append([q, c])
            last = c
            out.append(adj)
        else:
            q = ev[1]
            cost = 0
            while q > 0 and layers:
                t = min(q, layers[0][0])
                cost += t * layers[0][1]
                layers[0][0] -= t
                q -= t
                if layers[0][0] == 0:
                    layers.pop(0)
            if q > 0:
                neg.append([q, x['default_cost']])
                cost += q * x['default_cost']
            out.append(cost)
    return {'results': out, 'layers': layers, 'backorder': neg}
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[['backorder settled', {'default_cost': 50, 'events': [['recv', 2, 40], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 46]]}, {'results': [0, 200, 18], 'layers': [[3, 46]], 'backorder': []}], ['never received', {'default_cost': 31, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 35]]}, {'results': [62, 8], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'backorder': []}], ['partial settle', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 12], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 2, 15], ['issue', 1], ['recv', 5, 11]]}, {'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'backorder': []}], ['two backorders', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 20], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 1, 30], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 26]]}, {'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, -12], 'layers': [[1, 26]], 'backorder': []}], ['no negative', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 5, 8], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 1, 9]]}, {'results': [0, 24, 0], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'backorder': []}], ['cheaper receipt', {'default_cost': 99, 'events': [['recv', 1, 60], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 120, -10], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['left negative', {'default_cost': 7, 'events': [['issue', 1], ['issue', 1]]}, {'results': [7, 7], 'layers': [], 'backorder': [[1, 7], [1, 7]]}]], [['backorder settled', {'default_cost': 50, 'events': [['recv', 2, 40], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 47]]}, {'results': [0, 200, 21], 'layers': [[3, 47]], 'backorder': []}], ['never received', {'default_cost': 32, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 35]]}, {'results': [64, 6], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'backorder': []}], ['partial settle', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 12], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 2, 15], ['issue', 1], ['recv', 5, 11]]}, {'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'backorder': []}], ['two backorders', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 20], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 1, 30], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 27]]}, {'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, -9], 'layers': [[1, 27]], 'backorder': []}], ['no negative', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 5, 8], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 1, 9]]}, {'results': [0, 24, 0], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'backorder': []}], ['cheaper receipt', {'default_cost': 99, 'events': [['recv', 1, 60], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 180, -20], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['left negative', {'default_cost': 7, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['issue', 1]]}, {'results': [14, 7], 'layers': [], 'backorder': [[2, 7], [1, 7]]}]], [['backorder settled', {'default_cost': 50, 'events': [['recv', 2, 40], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 48]]}, {'results': [0, 200, 24], 'layers': [[3, 48]], 'backorder': []}], ['never received', {'default_cost': 33, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 35]]}, {'results': [66, 4], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'backorder': []}], ['partial settle', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 12], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 2, 15], ['issue', 1], ['recv', 5, 11]]}, {'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'backorder': []}], ['two backorders', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 20], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 1, 30], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 28]]}, {'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, -6], 'layers': [[1, 28]], 'backorder': []}], ['no negative', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 5, 8], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 1, 9]]}, {'results': [0, 24, 0], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'backorder': []}], ['cheaper receipt', {'default_cost': 99, 'events': [['recv', 1, 60], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 5, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 240, -30], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['left negative', {'default_cost': 7, 'events': [['issue', 3], ['issue', 1]]}, {'results': [21, 7], 'layers': [], 'backorder': [[3, 7], [1, 7]]}]], [['backorder settled', {'default_cost': 50, 'events': [['recv', 2, 40], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 49]]}, {'results': [0, 200, 27], 'layers': [[3, 49]], 'backorder': []}], ['never received', {'default_cost': 34, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 35]]}, {'results': [68, 2], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'backorder': []}], ['partial settle', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 12], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 2, 15], ['issue', 1], ['recv', 5, 11]]}, {'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'backorder': []}], ['two backorders', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 20], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 1, 30], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 29]]}, {'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, -3], 'layers': [[1, 29]], 'backorder': []}], ['no negative', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 5, 8], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 1, 9]]}, {'results': [0, 24, 0], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'backorder': []}], ['cheaper receipt', {'default_cost': 99, 'events': [['recv', 1, 60], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 300, -40], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['left negative', {'default_cost': 7, 'events': [['issue', 4], ['issue', 1]]}, {'results': [28, 7], 'layers': [], 'backorder': [[4, 7], [1, 7]]}]], [['backorder settled', {'default_cost': 50, 'events': [['recv', 2, 40], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 200, 30], 'layers': [[3, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['never received', {'default_cost': 35, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 35]]}, {'results': [70, 0], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'backorder': []}], ['partial settle', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 12], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 2, 15], ['issue', 1], ['recv', 5, 11]]}, {'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'backorder': []}], ['two backorders', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 20], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 1, 30], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 30]]}, {'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, 0], 'layers': [[1, 30]], 'backorder': []}], ['no negative', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 5, 8], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 1, 9]]}, {'results': [0, 24, 0], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'backorder': []}], ['cheaper receipt', {'default_cost': 99, 'events': [['recv', 1, 60], ['issue', 6], ['recv', 7, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 360, -50], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['left negative', {'default_cost': 7, 'events': [['issue', 5], ['issue', 1]]}, {'results': [35, 7], 'layers': [], 'backorder': [[5, 7], [1, 7]]}]]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:
    check(label, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
backorder settled{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[3, 46]], 'results': [0, 230, -12]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[3, 46]], 'results': [0, 200, 18]}Failed
never received{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'results': [62, 8]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'results': [62, 8]}Passed
partial settle{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'results': [0, 42, 10, 10, 2]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5]}Failed
two backorders{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[1, 26]], 'results': [0, 30, 20, 30, 48]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[1, 26]], 'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, -12]}Failed
no negative{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'results': [0, 24, 0]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'results': [0, 24, 0]}Passed
cheaper receipt{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'results': [0, 159, -49]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'results': [0, 120, -10]}Failed
left negative{'backorder': [[1, 7], [1, 7]], 'layers': [], 'results': [7, 7]}{'backorder': [[1, 7], [1, 7]], 'layers': [], 'results': [7, 7]}Passed

SHA-256 / b52b616708544d4c9a0aa081450a6bbcad02b8325c942321fb870f5c84b25f69

2 / The unsuccessful fix

Exit 1
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    layers = []
    neg = []
    last = x['default_cost']
    out = []
    for ev in x['events']:
        if ev[0] == 'recv':
            q, c = ev[1], ev[2]
            adj = 0
            while q > 0 and neg:
                k = 0
                t = min(q, neg[k][0])
                adj += t * (c - neg[k][1])
                neg[k][0] -= t
                q -= t
                if neg[k][0] == 0:
                    neg.pop(k)
            if q > 0:
                layers.append([q, c])
            last = c
            out.append(adj)
        else:
            q = ev[1]
            cost = 0
            while q > 0 and layers:
                t = min(q, layers[0][0])
                cost += t * layers[0][1]
                layers[0][0] -= t
                q -= t
                if layers[0][0] == 0:
                    layers.pop(0)
            if q > 0:
                neg.append([q, last if layers else x['default_cost']])
                cost += q * (last if layers else x['default_cost'])
            out.append(cost)
    return {'results': out, 'layers': layers, 'backorder': neg}
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[['backorder settled', {'default_cost': 50, 'events': [['recv', 2, 40], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 46]]}, {'results': [0, 200, 18], 'layers': [[3, 46]], 'backorder': []}], ['never received', {'default_cost': 31, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 35]]}, {'results': [62, 8], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'backorder': []}], ['partial settle', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 12], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 2, 15], ['issue', 1], ['recv', 5, 11]]}, {'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'backorder': []}], ['two backorders', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 20], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 1, 30], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 26]]}, {'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, -12], 'layers': [[1, 26]], 'backorder': []}], ['no negative', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 5, 8], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 1, 9]]}, {'results': [0, 24, 0], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'backorder': []}], ['cheaper receipt', {'default_cost': 99, 'events': [['recv', 1, 60], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 120, -10], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['left negative', {'default_cost': 7, 'events': [['issue', 1], ['issue', 1]]}, {'results': [7, 7], 'layers': [], 'backorder': [[1, 7], [1, 7]]}]], [['backorder settled', {'default_cost': 50, 'events': [['recv', 2, 40], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 47]]}, {'results': [0, 200, 21], 'layers': [[3, 47]], 'backorder': []}], ['never received', {'default_cost': 32, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 35]]}, {'results': [64, 6], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'backorder': []}], ['partial settle', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 12], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 2, 15], ['issue', 1], ['recv', 5, 11]]}, {'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'backorder': []}], ['two backorders', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 20], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 1, 30], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 27]]}, {'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, -9], 'layers': [[1, 27]], 'backorder': []}], ['no negative', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 5, 8], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 1, 9]]}, {'results': [0, 24, 0], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'backorder': []}], ['cheaper receipt', {'default_cost': 99, 'events': [['recv', 1, 60], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 180, -20], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['left negative', {'default_cost': 7, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['issue', 1]]}, {'results': [14, 7], 'layers': [], 'backorder': [[2, 7], [1, 7]]}]], [['backorder settled', {'default_cost': 50, 'events': [['recv', 2, 40], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 48]]}, {'results': [0, 200, 24], 'layers': [[3, 48]], 'backorder': []}], ['never received', {'default_cost': 33, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 35]]}, {'results': [66, 4], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'backorder': []}], ['partial settle', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 12], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 2, 15], ['issue', 1], ['recv', 5, 11]]}, {'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'backorder': []}], ['two backorders', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 20], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 1, 30], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 28]]}, {'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, -6], 'layers': [[1, 28]], 'backorder': []}], ['no negative', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 5, 8], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 1, 9]]}, {'results': [0, 24, 0], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'backorder': []}], ['cheaper receipt', {'default_cost': 99, 'events': [['recv', 1, 60], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 5, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 240, -30], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['left negative', {'default_cost': 7, 'events': [['issue', 3], ['issue', 1]]}, {'results': [21, 7], 'layers': [], 'backorder': [[3, 7], [1, 7]]}]], [['backorder settled', {'default_cost': 50, 'events': [['recv', 2, 40], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 49]]}, {'results': [0, 200, 27], 'layers': [[3, 49]], 'backorder': []}], ['never received', {'default_cost': 34, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 35]]}, {'results': [68, 2], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'backorder': []}], ['partial settle', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 12], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 2, 15], ['issue', 1], ['recv', 5, 11]]}, {'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'backorder': []}], ['two backorders', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 20], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 1, 30], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 29]]}, {'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, -3], 'layers': [[1, 29]], 'backorder': []}], ['no negative', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 5, 8], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 1, 9]]}, {'results': [0, 24, 0], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'backorder': []}], ['cheaper receipt', {'default_cost': 99, 'events': [['recv', 1, 60], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 300, -40], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['left negative', {'default_cost': 7, 'events': [['issue', 4], ['issue', 1]]}, {'results': [28, 7], 'layers': [], 'backorder': [[4, 7], [1, 7]]}]], [['backorder settled', {'default_cost': 50, 'events': [['recv', 2, 40], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 200, 30], 'layers': [[3, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['never received', {'default_cost': 35, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 35]]}, {'results': [70, 0], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'backorder': []}], ['partial settle', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 12], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 2, 15], ['issue', 1], ['recv', 5, 11]]}, {'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'backorder': []}], ['two backorders', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 20], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 1, 30], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 30]]}, {'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, 0], 'layers': [[1, 30]], 'backorder': []}], ['no negative', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 5, 8], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 1, 9]]}, {'results': [0, 24, 0], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'backorder': []}], ['cheaper receipt', {'default_cost': 99, 'events': [['recv', 1, 60], ['issue', 6], ['recv', 7, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 360, -50], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['left negative', {'default_cost': 7, 'events': [['issue', 5], ['issue', 1]]}, {'results': [35, 7], 'layers': [], 'backorder': [[5, 7], [1, 7]]}]]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:
    check(label, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
backorder settled{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[3, 46]], 'results': [0, 230, -12]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[3, 46]], 'results': [0, 200, 18]}Failed
never received{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'results': [62, 8]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'results': [62, 8]}Passed
partial settle{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'results': [0, 42, 10, 10, 2]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5]}Failed
two backorders{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[1, 26]], 'results': [0, 30, 20, 30, 48]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[1, 26]], 'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, -12]}Failed
no negative{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'results': [0, 24, 0]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'results': [0, 24, 0]}Passed
cheaper receipt{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'results': [0, 159, -49]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'results': [0, 120, -10]}Failed
left negative{'backorder': [[1, 7], [1, 7]], 'layers': [], 'results': [7, 7]}{'backorder': [[1, 7], [1, 7]], 'layers': [], 'results': [7, 7]}Passed

SHA-256 / 1aa60f0d7364a224cd045b8b56d73ad3c99bdad15bae767027d2e13c1108855c

3 / The verified repair

Exit 0
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    layers = []
    neg = []
    last = x['default_cost']
    out = []
    for ev in x['events']:
        if ev[0] == 'recv':
            q, c = ev[1], ev[2]
            adj = 0
            while q > 0 and neg:
                k = 0
                t = min(q, neg[k][0])
                adj += t * (c - neg[k][1])
                neg[k][0] -= t
                q -= t
                if neg[k][0] == 0:
                    neg.pop(k)
            if q > 0:
                layers.append([q, c])
            last = c
            out.append(adj)
        else:
            q = ev[1]
            cost = 0
            while q > 0 and layers:
                t = min(q, layers[0][0])
                cost += t * layers[0][1]
                layers[0][0] -= t
                q -= t
                if layers[0][0] == 0:
                    layers.pop(0)
            if q > 0:
                neg.append([q, last])
                cost += q * last
            out.append(cost)
    return {'results': out, 'layers': layers, 'backorder': neg}
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
fixtures = [[['backorder settled', {'default_cost': 50, 'events': [['recv', 2, 40], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 46]]}, {'results': [0, 200, 18], 'layers': [[3, 46]], 'backorder': []}], ['never received', {'default_cost': 31, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 35]]}, {'results': [62, 8], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'backorder': []}], ['partial settle', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 12], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 2, 15], ['issue', 1], ['recv', 5, 11]]}, {'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'backorder': []}], ['two backorders', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 20], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 1, 30], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 26]]}, {'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, -12], 'layers': [[1, 26]], 'backorder': []}], ['no negative', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 5, 8], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 1, 9]]}, {'results': [0, 24, 0], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'backorder': []}], ['cheaper receipt', {'default_cost': 99, 'events': [['recv', 1, 60], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 120, -10], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['left negative', {'default_cost': 7, 'events': [['issue', 1], ['issue', 1]]}, {'results': [7, 7], 'layers': [], 'backorder': [[1, 7], [1, 7]]}]], [['backorder settled', {'default_cost': 50, 'events': [['recv', 2, 40], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 47]]}, {'results': [0, 200, 21], 'layers': [[3, 47]], 'backorder': []}], ['never received', {'default_cost': 32, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 35]]}, {'results': [64, 6], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'backorder': []}], ['partial settle', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 12], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 2, 15], ['issue', 1], ['recv', 5, 11]]}, {'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'backorder': []}], ['two backorders', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 20], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 1, 30], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 27]]}, {'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, -9], 'layers': [[1, 27]], 'backorder': []}], ['no negative', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 5, 8], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 1, 9]]}, {'results': [0, 24, 0], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'backorder': []}], ['cheaper receipt', {'default_cost': 99, 'events': [['recv', 1, 60], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 180, -20], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['left negative', {'default_cost': 7, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['issue', 1]]}, {'results': [14, 7], 'layers': [], 'backorder': [[2, 7], [1, 7]]}]], [['backorder settled', {'default_cost': 50, 'events': [['recv', 2, 40], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 48]]}, {'results': [0, 200, 24], 'layers': [[3, 48]], 'backorder': []}], ['never received', {'default_cost': 33, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 35]]}, {'results': [66, 4], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'backorder': []}], ['partial settle', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 12], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 2, 15], ['issue', 1], ['recv', 5, 11]]}, {'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'backorder': []}], ['two backorders', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 20], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 1, 30], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 28]]}, {'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, -6], 'layers': [[1, 28]], 'backorder': []}], ['no negative', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 5, 8], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 1, 9]]}, {'results': [0, 24, 0], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'backorder': []}], ['cheaper receipt', {'default_cost': 99, 'events': [['recv', 1, 60], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 5, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 240, -30], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['left negative', {'default_cost': 7, 'events': [['issue', 3], ['issue', 1]]}, {'results': [21, 7], 'layers': [], 'backorder': [[3, 7], [1, 7]]}]], [['backorder settled', {'default_cost': 50, 'events': [['recv', 2, 40], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 49]]}, {'results': [0, 200, 27], 'layers': [[3, 49]], 'backorder': []}], ['never received', {'default_cost': 34, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 35]]}, {'results': [68, 2], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'backorder': []}], ['partial settle', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 12], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 2, 15], ['issue', 1], ['recv', 5, 11]]}, {'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'backorder': []}], ['two backorders', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 20], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 1, 30], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 29]]}, {'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, -3], 'layers': [[1, 29]], 'backorder': []}], ['no negative', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 5, 8], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 1, 9]]}, {'results': [0, 24, 0], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'backorder': []}], ['cheaper receipt', {'default_cost': 99, 'events': [['recv', 1, 60], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 300, -40], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['left negative', {'default_cost': 7, 'events': [['issue', 4], ['issue', 1]]}, {'results': [28, 7], 'layers': [], 'backorder': [[4, 7], [1, 7]]}]], [['backorder settled', {'default_cost': 50, 'events': [['recv', 2, 40], ['issue', 5], ['recv', 6, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 200, 30], 'layers': [[3, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['never received', {'default_cost': 35, 'events': [['issue', 2], ['recv', 3, 35]]}, {'results': [70, 0], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'backorder': []}], ['partial settle', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 12], ['issue', 4], ['recv', 2, 15], ['issue', 1], ['recv', 5, 11]]}, {'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'backorder': []}], ['two backorders', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 1, 20], ['issue', 2], ['recv', 1, 30], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 4, 30]]}, {'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, 0], 'layers': [[1, 30]], 'backorder': []}], ['no negative', {'default_cost': 10, 'events': [['recv', 5, 8], ['issue', 3], ['recv', 1, 9]]}, {'results': [0, 24, 0], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'backorder': []}], ['cheaper receipt', {'default_cost': 99, 'events': [['recv', 1, 60], ['issue', 6], ['recv', 7, 50]]}, {'results': [0, 360, -50], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'backorder': []}], ['left negative', {'default_cost': 7, 'events': [['issue', 5], ['issue', 1]]}, {'results': [35, 7], 'layers': [], 'backorder': [[5, 7], [1, 7]]}]]]
for label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:
    check(label, solve(args), expected)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
backorder settled{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[3, 46]], 'results': [0, 200, 18]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[3, 46]], 'results': [0, 200, 18]}Passed
never received{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'results': [62, 8]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[1, 35]], 'results': [62, 8]}Passed
partial settle{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[3, 11]], 'results': [0, 48, 6, 15, -5]}Passed
two backorders{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[1, 26]], 'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, -12]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[1, 26]], 'results': [0, 40, 10, 90, -12]}Passed
no negative{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'results': [0, 24, 0]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[2, 8], [1, 9]], 'results': [0, 24, 0]}Passed
cheaper receipt{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'results': [0, 120, -10]}{'backorder': [], 'layers': [[2, 50]], 'results': [0, 120, -10]}Passed
left negative{'backorder': [[1, 7], [1, 7]], 'layers': [], 'results': [7, 7]}{'backorder': [[1, 7], [1, 7]], 'layers': [], 'results': [7, 7]}Passed

SHA-256 / d0f56bfacd28d4624fed66fb3c042c4bebcac64dca6a2b5ae9446d26d6163893

Verification & scope

Stipulated bounded teaching model with explicit toy rules; not an accounting-standard implementation. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.

Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:46:43.069710+00:00.

Case digest / 7cc7b868fae51dec67fe7fd8b193139553b9e54e035034534d0a15ef461a84f2