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Full binary tree leaf identity · case 03

Outgoing child links are confused with leaves.

Member previewVariant 3 · 3 implementations · 4 checks per implementation

Case contract

Nonnegative integer counts. Permutation and combination counts are zero when a requested selection exceeds the available objects. Shape sizes satisfy the preconditions stated below. Every internal vertex has exactly two children; return the leaf count from the nonnegative internal-vertex count. Exact operational definition: internal+1

Why this case matters

Small exact fixtures expose this error without platform timing, external services, or probabilistic observations. Combinatorics results depend on the stated convention.

One recorded failure

Sample boundary fixture

This sample comes from the broken implementation of a controlled reproducer.

Boundary fixture	Actual	Expected	Outcome
fixture 1: (0,)	`0`	`1`	Failed

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