FA-48921 / PCM sample encoding / Open access
Ones complement pcm: negative magnitude · case 01
A ones-complement field is decoded with a twos-complement magnitude rule.
ROOT CAUSE
A ones-complement field is decoded with a twos-complement magnitude rule.
THE FAILURE
A ones-complement field is decoded with a twos-complement magnitude rule.
Unsuccessful approach: Adding a complement carry shifts every negative sample.
Case contract
Decode bounded ones-complement PCM fields; optionally preserve a per-sample negative-zero sideband while numeric zero stays JSON integer zero.
Why this case matters
Offline PCM interchange uses these exact bounded packet and sample representation decisions.
1 / The failure
Exit 1"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(codes, width, preserve_negative_zero):
mask=(1<<width)-1
sign=1<<(width-1)
values=[]
negative_zero=[]
for raw in codes:
code=raw&mask
magnitude=code-(1<<width) if code&sign else code
value=-magnitude if code&sign else magnitude
values.append(value)
negative_zero.append(bool(preserve_negative_zero and code==mask))
return [values,negative_zero]
def check(label, actual, expected):
observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
check('oracle 1', solve(*([0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15], 4, True)), [[0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True]])
check('oracle 2', solve(*([15, 0, 8], 4, False)), [[0, 0, -7], [False, False, False]])
check('oracle 3', solve(*([31, 16, 17], 4, True)), [[0, 0, 1], [True, False, False]])
check('oracle 4', solve(*([], 4, True)), [[], []])
check('oracle 5', solve(*([0, 3, 4, 6, 7], 3, True)), [[0, 3, -3, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, True]])
check('oracle 6', solve(*([255, 128, 254, 127], 8, False)), [[0, -127, -1, 127], [False, False, False, False]])
check('oracle 7', solve(*([255], 8, True)), [[0], [True]])
if N == 1: check('variant packet 1', solve(*[[0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15], 4, True]), [[0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True]])
if N == 2: check('variant packet 2', solve(*[[0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15], 4, True]), [[0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True]])
if N == 3: check('variant packet 3', solve(*[[0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15], 4, True]), [[0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True]])
if N == 4: check('variant packet 4', solve(*[[0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15], 4, True]), [[0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True]])
if N == 5: check('variant packet 5', solve(*[[0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15], 4, True]), [[0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True]])
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
| Boundary fixture | Actual | Expected | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| oracle 1 | [[0, 1, 7, 8, 2, 1], [False, False, False, False, False, True]] | [[0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True]] | Failed |
| oracle 2 | [[1, 0, 8], [False, False, False]] | [[0, 0, -7], [False, False, False]] | Failed |
| oracle 3 | [[1, 0, 1], [True, False, False]] | [[0, 0, 1], [True, False, False]] | Failed |
| oracle 4 | [[], []] | [[], []] | Passed |
| oracle 5 | [[0, 3, 4, 2, 1], [False, False, False, False, True]] | [[0, 3, -3, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, True]] | Failed |
| oracle 6 | [[1, 128, 2, 127], [False, False, False, False]] | [[0, -127, -1, 127], [False, False, False, False]] | Failed |
| oracle 7 | [[1], [True]] | [[0], [True]] | Failed |
| variant packet 1 | [[0, 1, 7, 8, 2, 1, 0, 1, 7, 8, 2, 1], [False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True]] | [[0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True]] | Failed |
SHA-256 / 23e252bd3c4d65137a491bd3ed7570b1e8a98f9c3e2111b61106fc7cce06b210
2 / The unsuccessful fix
Exit 1"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(codes, width, preserve_negative_zero):
mask=(1<<width)-1
sign=1<<(width-1)
values=[]
negative_zero=[]
for raw in codes:
code=raw&mask
magnitude=(~code)&(sign-1)+1 if code&sign else code
value=-magnitude if code&sign else magnitude
values.append(value)
negative_zero.append(bool(preserve_negative_zero and code==mask))
return [values,negative_zero]
def check(label, actual, expected):
observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
check('oracle 1', solve(*([0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15], 4, True)), [[0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True]])
check('oracle 2', solve(*([15, 0, 8], 4, False)), [[0, 0, -7], [False, False, False]])
check('oracle 3', solve(*([31, 16, 17], 4, True)), [[0, 0, 1], [True, False, False]])
check('oracle 4', solve(*([], 4, True)), [[], []])
check('oracle 5', solve(*([0, 3, 4, 6, 7], 3, True)), [[0, 3, -3, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, True]])
check('oracle 6', solve(*([255, 128, 254, 127], 8, False)), [[0, -127, -1, 127], [False, False, False, False]])
check('oracle 7', solve(*([255], 8, True)), [[0], [True]])
if N == 1: check('variant packet 1', solve(*[[0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15], 4, True]), [[0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True]])
if N == 2: check('variant packet 2', solve(*[[0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15], 4, True]), [[0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True]])
if N == 3: check('variant packet 3', solve(*[[0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15], 4, True]), [[0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True]])
if N == 4: check('variant packet 4', solve(*[[0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15], 4, True]), [[0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True]])
if N == 5: check('variant packet 5', solve(*[[0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15], 4, True]), [[0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True]])
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
| Boundary fixture | Actual | Expected | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| oracle 1 | [[0, 1, 7, 0, 0, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True]] | [[0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True]] | Failed |
| oracle 2 | [[0, 0, 0], [False, False, False]] | [[0, 0, -7], [False, False, False]] | Failed |
| oracle 3 | [[0, 0, 1], [True, False, False]] | [[0, 0, 1], [True, False, False]] | Passed |
| oracle 4 | [[], []] | [[], []] | Passed |
| oracle 5 | [[0, 3, 0, 0, 0], [False, False, False, False, True]] | [[0, 3, -3, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, True]] | Failed |
| oracle 6 | [[0, 0, 0, 127], [False, False, False, False]] | [[0, -127, -1, 127], [False, False, False, False]] | Failed |
| oracle 7 | [[0], [True]] | [[0], [True]] | Passed |
| variant packet 1 | [[0, 1, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 7, 0, 0, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True]] | [[0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0, 0, 1, 7, -7, -1, 0], [False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False, False, False, False, True]] | Failed |
SHA-256 / 0352b4b4fb291e4c882abeb0127f0fb999a3846cf8128d3da7d9c67b4b1c93b6
HELD IN THE MEMBER ARCHIVE
The verified repair and its recorded checks are member-only.
This mechanism has 8 recorded checks per implementation. The open-access tier publishes the failure and the unsuccessful fix; the repaired source that passes every check, and the observations that prove it, are available to members.
Every case sharing this mechanism uses the same contract and the same repair, so this one record is held back for all of them.
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Sign in to the archive ↗Verification & scope
Stipulated finite model; no claim of hardware timing or full file-format conformance. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.
Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:44:55.277062+00:00.
Case digest / def0b4614bf3c4c4bbfeaeeee331810d4465ab4c1d930e49204723d1af0ed37f