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FA-44336 / Borrow checking / Open access

Return borrow validation observes state after local cleanup erased its provenance · case 01

Return borrow validation observes state after local cleanup erased its provenance.

Verified by executionVariant 1 · 21 checks per implementationDownload source bundle ↓JSON ↗

ROOT CAUSE

The static analyzer mishandles return before cleanup: return borrow validation observes state after local cleanup erased its provenance.

THE FAILURE

The static analyzer mishandles return before cleanup: return borrow validation observes state after local cleanup erased its provenance.

Unsuccessful approach: The partial repair uses if d['return_check']>d['cleanup_point']+1: errors.append('return-before-cleanup'), which still violates the stipulated analysis contract.

Case contract

Validate borrow-sensitive desugaring proof facts. For-loop iterator temporary covers loop; question-mark error exit drops body loans; short-circuit right operand is conditionally evaluated; method autoref targets receiver after autoderef; compound assignment evaluates destination once; indexing evaluates base before index; await suspension preserves the borrowed future owner; let-else failure cannot access successful bindings; destructuring assignment stages RHS borrows before writing destinations; return expression lifetime is checked before local cleanup. Input is a fully explicit descriptor of the stated toy IR. Return rule identifiers in declaration order; absent optional obligations use the provided neutral defaults. No rule is an assertion about a production language.

Why this case matters

A finite offline static-analysis model of ownership and borrowing; it does not execute the analyzed program.

1 / The failure

Exit 1
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(d):
    errors=[]
    if d['iterator_end']<d['loop_end']: errors.append('for-owner-duration')
    if d['error_exit'] and bool(d['body_loans_live']): errors.append('question-error-cleanup')
    if d['rhs_evaluated'] and not d['rhs_enabled']: errors.append('short-circuit-conditional')
    if d['autoderef_place']!=d['autoref_place']: errors.append('autoref-after-autoderef')
    if d['compound_assignment'] and d['destination_evaluations']!=1: errors.append('compound-destination-once')
    if d['base_point']>d['index_point']: errors.append('index-evaluation-order')
    if d['future_owner_end']<d['await_resume']: errors.append('await-future-owner')
    if d['else_branch'] and bool(set(d['success_bindings'])&set(d['else_uses'])): errors.append('let-else-binding-scope')
    if d['first_write']<d['rhs_end']: errors.append('destructure-stage-rhs')
    if False: errors.append('return-before-cleanup')
    return errors
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
base={'iterator_end': 0, 'loop_end': 0, 'error_exit': False, 'body_loans_live': [], 'rhs_evaluated': False, 'rhs_enabled': True, 'autoderef_place': [], 'autoref_place': [], 'destination_evaluations': 0, 'compound_assignment': False, 'base_point': 0, 'index_point': 0, 'future_owner_end': 0, 'await_resume': 0, 'else_branch': False, 'success_bindings': [], 'else_uses': [], 'rhs_end': 0, 'first_write': 0, 'return_check': 0, 'cleanup_point': 0}
check('well formed empty obligations',solve(base),[])
check('for-owner-duration regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'iterator_end':N,'loop_end':N+1}))), ['for-owner-duration'])
check('for-owner-duration regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'iterator_end':N+1,'loop_end':N+2}))), ['for-owner-duration'])
check('question-error-cleanup regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'error_exit':True,'body_loans_live':['r']}))), ['question-error-cleanup'])
check('question-error-cleanup regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'error_exit':True,'body_loans_live':[N]}))), ['question-error-cleanup'])
check('short-circuit-conditional regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'rhs_evaluated':True,'rhs_enabled':False}))), ['short-circuit-conditional'])
check('short-circuit-conditional regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'rhs_evaluated':True,'rhs_enabled':False,'loop_end':N,'iterator_end':N}))), ['short-circuit-conditional'])
check('autoref-after-autoderef regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'autoderef_place':['r','*'],'autoref_place':['r']}))), ['autoref-after-autoderef'])
check('autoref-after-autoderef regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'autoderef_place':['r','*',N],'autoref_place':['r']}))), ['autoref-after-autoderef'])
check('compound-destination-once regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'compound_assignment':True,'destination_evaluations':2}))), ['compound-destination-once'])
check('compound-destination-once regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'compound_assignment':True,'destination_evaluations':N+2}))), ['compound-destination-once'])
check('index-evaluation-order regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'base_point':N+1,'index_point':N}))), ['index-evaluation-order'])
check('index-evaluation-order regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'base_point':N+2,'index_point':N+1}))), ['index-evaluation-order'])
check('await-future-owner regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'future_owner_end':N,'await_resume':N+1}))), ['await-future-owner'])
check('await-future-owner regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'future_owner_end':N+1,'await_resume':N+2}))), ['await-future-owner'])
check('let-else-binding-scope regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'else_branch':True,'success_bindings':['x'],'else_uses':['x']}))), ['let-else-binding-scope'])
check('let-else-binding-scope regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'else_branch':True,'success_bindings':[N],'else_uses':[N]}))), ['let-else-binding-scope'])
check('destructure-stage-rhs regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'first_write':N,'rhs_end':N+1}))), ['destructure-stage-rhs'])
check('destructure-stage-rhs regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'first_write':N+1,'rhs_end':N+2}))), ['destructure-stage-rhs'])
check('return-before-cleanup regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'return_check':N+1,'cleanup_point':N}))), ['return-before-cleanup'])
check('return-before-cleanup regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'return_check':N+2,'cleanup_point':N+1}))), ['return-before-cleanup'])
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
well formed empty obligations[][]Passed
for-owner-duration regression 0['for-owner-duration']['for-owner-duration']Passed
for-owner-duration regression 1['for-owner-duration']['for-owner-duration']Passed
question-error-cleanup regression 0['question-error-cleanup']['question-error-cleanup']Passed
question-error-cleanup regression 1['question-error-cleanup']['question-error-cleanup']Passed
short-circuit-conditional regression 0['short-circuit-conditional']['short-circuit-conditional']Passed
short-circuit-conditional regression 1['short-circuit-conditional']['short-circuit-conditional']Passed
autoref-after-autoderef regression 0['autoref-after-autoderef']['autoref-after-autoderef']Passed
autoref-after-autoderef regression 1['autoref-after-autoderef']['autoref-after-autoderef']Passed
compound-destination-once regression 0['compound-destination-once']['compound-destination-once']Passed
compound-destination-once regression 1['compound-destination-once']['compound-destination-once']Passed
index-evaluation-order regression 0['index-evaluation-order']['index-evaluation-order']Passed
index-evaluation-order regression 1['index-evaluation-order']['index-evaluation-order']Passed
await-future-owner regression 0['await-future-owner']['await-future-owner']Passed
await-future-owner regression 1['await-future-owner']['await-future-owner']Passed
let-else-binding-scope regression 0['let-else-binding-scope']['let-else-binding-scope']Passed
let-else-binding-scope regression 1['let-else-binding-scope']['let-else-binding-scope']Passed
destructure-stage-rhs regression 0['destructure-stage-rhs']['destructure-stage-rhs']Passed
destructure-stage-rhs regression 1['destructure-stage-rhs']['destructure-stage-rhs']Passed
return-before-cleanup regression 0[]['return-before-cleanup']Failed
return-before-cleanup regression 1[]['return-before-cleanup']Failed

SHA-256 / 7de2583f639b82c9899aed0947b6a5415ae217f827f1c903ee586325b192f548

2 / The unsuccessful fix

Exit 1
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(d):
    errors=[]
    if d['iterator_end']<d['loop_end']: errors.append('for-owner-duration')
    if d['error_exit'] and bool(d['body_loans_live']): errors.append('question-error-cleanup')
    if d['rhs_evaluated'] and not d['rhs_enabled']: errors.append('short-circuit-conditional')
    if d['autoderef_place']!=d['autoref_place']: errors.append('autoref-after-autoderef')
    if d['compound_assignment'] and d['destination_evaluations']!=1: errors.append('compound-destination-once')
    if d['base_point']>d['index_point']: errors.append('index-evaluation-order')
    if d['future_owner_end']<d['await_resume']: errors.append('await-future-owner')
    if d['else_branch'] and bool(set(d['success_bindings'])&set(d['else_uses'])): errors.append('let-else-binding-scope')
    if d['first_write']<d['rhs_end']: errors.append('destructure-stage-rhs')
    if d['return_check']>d['cleanup_point']+1: errors.append('return-before-cleanup')
    return errors
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
base={'iterator_end': 0, 'loop_end': 0, 'error_exit': False, 'body_loans_live': [], 'rhs_evaluated': False, 'rhs_enabled': True, 'autoderef_place': [], 'autoref_place': [], 'destination_evaluations': 0, 'compound_assignment': False, 'base_point': 0, 'index_point': 0, 'future_owner_end': 0, 'await_resume': 0, 'else_branch': False, 'success_bindings': [], 'else_uses': [], 'rhs_end': 0, 'first_write': 0, 'return_check': 0, 'cleanup_point': 0}
check('well formed empty obligations',solve(base),[])
check('for-owner-duration regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'iterator_end':N,'loop_end':N+1}))), ['for-owner-duration'])
check('for-owner-duration regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'iterator_end':N+1,'loop_end':N+2}))), ['for-owner-duration'])
check('question-error-cleanup regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'error_exit':True,'body_loans_live':['r']}))), ['question-error-cleanup'])
check('question-error-cleanup regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'error_exit':True,'body_loans_live':[N]}))), ['question-error-cleanup'])
check('short-circuit-conditional regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'rhs_evaluated':True,'rhs_enabled':False}))), ['short-circuit-conditional'])
check('short-circuit-conditional regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'rhs_evaluated':True,'rhs_enabled':False,'loop_end':N,'iterator_end':N}))), ['short-circuit-conditional'])
check('autoref-after-autoderef regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'autoderef_place':['r','*'],'autoref_place':['r']}))), ['autoref-after-autoderef'])
check('autoref-after-autoderef regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'autoderef_place':['r','*',N],'autoref_place':['r']}))), ['autoref-after-autoderef'])
check('compound-destination-once regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'compound_assignment':True,'destination_evaluations':2}))), ['compound-destination-once'])
check('compound-destination-once regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'compound_assignment':True,'destination_evaluations':N+2}))), ['compound-destination-once'])
check('index-evaluation-order regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'base_point':N+1,'index_point':N}))), ['index-evaluation-order'])
check('index-evaluation-order regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'base_point':N+2,'index_point':N+1}))), ['index-evaluation-order'])
check('await-future-owner regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'future_owner_end':N,'await_resume':N+1}))), ['await-future-owner'])
check('await-future-owner regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'future_owner_end':N+1,'await_resume':N+2}))), ['await-future-owner'])
check('let-else-binding-scope regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'else_branch':True,'success_bindings':['x'],'else_uses':['x']}))), ['let-else-binding-scope'])
check('let-else-binding-scope regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'else_branch':True,'success_bindings':[N],'else_uses':[N]}))), ['let-else-binding-scope'])
check('destructure-stage-rhs regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'first_write':N,'rhs_end':N+1}))), ['destructure-stage-rhs'])
check('destructure-stage-rhs regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'first_write':N+1,'rhs_end':N+2}))), ['destructure-stage-rhs'])
check('return-before-cleanup regression 0', solve(dict(base, **({'return_check':N+1,'cleanup_point':N}))), ['return-before-cleanup'])
check('return-before-cleanup regression 1', solve(dict(base, **({'return_check':N+2,'cleanup_point':N+1}))), ['return-before-cleanup'])
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
well formed empty obligations[][]Passed
for-owner-duration regression 0['for-owner-duration']['for-owner-duration']Passed
for-owner-duration regression 1['for-owner-duration']['for-owner-duration']Passed
question-error-cleanup regression 0['question-error-cleanup']['question-error-cleanup']Passed
question-error-cleanup regression 1['question-error-cleanup']['question-error-cleanup']Passed
short-circuit-conditional regression 0['short-circuit-conditional']['short-circuit-conditional']Passed
short-circuit-conditional regression 1['short-circuit-conditional']['short-circuit-conditional']Passed
autoref-after-autoderef regression 0['autoref-after-autoderef']['autoref-after-autoderef']Passed
autoref-after-autoderef regression 1['autoref-after-autoderef']['autoref-after-autoderef']Passed
compound-destination-once regression 0['compound-destination-once']['compound-destination-once']Passed
compound-destination-once regression 1['compound-destination-once']['compound-destination-once']Passed
index-evaluation-order regression 0['index-evaluation-order']['index-evaluation-order']Passed
index-evaluation-order regression 1['index-evaluation-order']['index-evaluation-order']Passed
await-future-owner regression 0['await-future-owner']['await-future-owner']Passed
await-future-owner regression 1['await-future-owner']['await-future-owner']Passed
let-else-binding-scope regression 0['let-else-binding-scope']['let-else-binding-scope']Passed
let-else-binding-scope regression 1['let-else-binding-scope']['let-else-binding-scope']Passed
destructure-stage-rhs regression 0['destructure-stage-rhs']['destructure-stage-rhs']Passed
destructure-stage-rhs regression 1['destructure-stage-rhs']['destructure-stage-rhs']Passed
return-before-cleanup regression 0[]['return-before-cleanup']Failed
return-before-cleanup regression 1[]['return-before-cleanup']Failed

SHA-256 / 18349d60f9303e01bac9dd9488f6a2e76e9ee92d824311fde3d403323ba2c719

HELD IN THE MEMBER ARCHIVE

The verified repair and its recorded checks are member-only.

This mechanism has 21 recorded checks per implementation. The open-access tier publishes the failure and the unsuccessful fix; the repaired source that passes every check, and the observations that prove it, are available to members.

Every case sharing this mechanism uses the same contract and the same repair, so this one record is held back for all of them.

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Verification & scope

The explicitly stated toy language is the complete scope; this is not a production compiler or a claim about Rust semantics. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.

Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:44:11.156465+00:00.

Case digest / 7cb9cb46ef9c6b176728a988cdf81749d2fe0fb9306372a50966d86677ae3849