FAILURE MAP
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FA-2941 / Encodings / Open access

An astral character is counted as one UTF-16 unit · case 01

An astral character is counted as one UTF-16 unit.

Verified by executionVariant 1 · 4 checks per implementationDownload source bundle ↓JSON ↗

ROOT CAUSE

The implementation applies an operation whose text or grammar semantics violate this contract: Count UTF-16 code units, excluding a byte order mark.

VERIFIED REPAIR

Implement the complete stated contract, including the boundary fixtures: Count UTF-16 code units, excluding a byte order mark.

Unsuccessful approach: The attempted repair handles the primary example but still violates a separate boundary of the same contract.

Case contract

Count UTF-16 code units, excluding a byte order mark.

Why this case matters

A local executable model for consumers of structured text; oracle values are authored literals, not outputs copied from the repaired implementation.

1 / The failure

Exit 1
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import re, unicodedata, json, csv, io, html, base64, binascii, codecs, struct
from urllib.parse import quote, unquote, unquote_to_bytes, urlencode, parse_qsl, urlsplit, urlunsplit
from email.header import decode_header, make_header
from email.utils import getaddresses
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
import shlex, string, textwrap

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    try:
        return len(x)
    except Exception as exc:
        return {"error": type(exc).__name__}
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
check('boundary 1', solve('😀'), 2)
check('boundary 2', solve('a'), 1)
check('boundary 3', solve(''), 0)
check('boundary 4', solve('é😀'), 3)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
boundary 112Failed
boundary 211Passed
boundary 300Passed
boundary 423Failed

SHA-256 / 974e2202211e91ba4947d02e4b466231114b2d3193076d1a63d780c179299181

2 / The unsuccessful fix

Exit 1
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import re, unicodedata, json, csv, io, html, base64, binascii, codecs, struct
from urllib.parse import quote, unquote, unquote_to_bytes, urlencode, parse_qsl, urlsplit, urlunsplit
from email.header import decode_header, make_header
from email.utils import getaddresses
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
import shlex, string, textwrap

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    try:
        return len(x.encode('utf-16'))//2
    except Exception as exc:
        return {"error": type(exc).__name__}
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
check('boundary 1', solve('😀'), 2)
check('boundary 2', solve('a'), 1)
check('boundary 3', solve(''), 0)
check('boundary 4', solve('é😀'), 3)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
boundary 132Failed
boundary 221Failed
boundary 310Failed
boundary 443Failed

SHA-256 / 64ebd02c9555e8e4b8cb8e691cc43bef1fdbda587f76f60f7e6f1a3228bf71dd

3 / The verified repair

Exit 0
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import re, unicodedata, json, csv, io, html, base64, binascii, codecs, struct
from urllib.parse import quote, unquote, unquote_to_bytes, urlencode, parse_qsl, urlsplit, urlunsplit
from email.header import decode_header, make_header
from email.utils import getaddresses
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
import shlex, string, textwrap

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x):
    try:
        return len(x.encode('utf-16-le'))//2
    except Exception as exc:
        return {"error": type(exc).__name__}
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
check('boundary 1', solve('😀'), 2)
check('boundary 2', solve('a'), 1)
check('boundary 3', solve(''), 0)
check('boundary 4', solve('é😀'), 3)
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
boundary 122Passed
boundary 211Passed
boundary 300Passed
boundary 433Passed

SHA-256 / ad83e85bb1cbab83645ef0a5fd8400ce5036d4b7e7e8a0980ac043aa4c8a51c6

Verification & scope

This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.

Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:37:19.446759+00:00.

Case digest / 1d35be33bb99f62ccd43179c6968fadd1d7dd0c907fae0bcdbe8f53a47ee3d0a