FAILURE MAP
← Case archive

FA-17266 / Floating-point arithmetic / Open access

Complex exponential materializes its overflowing common real exponential · case 01

Complex exponential materializes its overflowing common real exponential.

Verified by executionVariant 1 · 8 checks per implementationDownload source bundle ↓JSON ↗

ROOT CAUSE

Complex exponential materializes its overflowing common real exponential. The faulty expression is real=math.exp(x)*c.

VERIFIED REPAIR

Apply the contract at this fault site using real=math.ldexp(scale*c,k).

Unsuccessful approach: The attempted local correction real=min(math.exp(x),1e308)*c still violates the explicit regression fixtures.

Case contract

Compute exp(x+iy) for finite components using binary exponent splitting. Fixtures keep each final component finite or zero, including cases where exp(x) alone overflows. Return two rendered components; exact trigonometric zeros are preserved. Finite results are rendered to eleven significant decimal digits; modeled domain violations and arithmetic errors are explicit strings.

Why this case matters

An offline floating representation model isolates a reproducible arithmetic fault.

1 / The failure

Exit 1
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import math
import struct
def render(x):
    if math.isnan(x): return 'nan'
    if math.isinf(x): return '-infinity' if x<0 else '+infinity'
    return format(x,'.11g')

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x,y):
    try:
        k=math.floor(x/math.log(2))
        f=x-k*math.log(2)
        scale=math.exp(f)
        c=math.cos(y); s=math.sin(y)
        real=math.exp(x)*c
        imag=math.ldexp(scale*s,k)
        return [render(real),render(imag)]
    except (ValueError, OverflowError, ZeroDivisionError, TypeError):
        return "arithmetic-error"
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
check('overflowing common factor', solve(710.0,math.pi/4), [render(math.exp(710-math.log(2))*(2*math.cos(math.pi/4))),render(math.exp(710-math.log(2))*(2*math.sin(math.pi/4)))])
check('negative real projection', solve(float(N),2.0), [render(math.exp(N)*math.cos(2)),render(math.exp(N)*math.sin(2))])
check('ordinary', solve(float(N),0.25), [render(math.exp(N)*math.cos(0.25)),render(math.exp(N)*math.sin(0.25))])
check('negative phase', solve(float(N),-0.25), [render(math.exp(N)*math.cos(-0.25)),render(math.exp(N)*math.sin(-0.25))])
check('negative real', solve(-float(N),0.25), [render(math.exp(-N)*math.cos(0.25)),render(math.exp(-N)*math.sin(0.25))])
check('negative zero phase', solve(float(N),-0.0), [render(math.exp(N)),"-0"])
check('zero', solve(0.0,0.0), ["1","0"])
check('tiny common factor', solve(-744.0,0.25), [render(math.exp(-744)*math.cos(0.25)),render(math.exp(-744)*math.sin(0.25))])
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
overflowing common factorarithmetic-error['1.5796728483e+308', '1.5796728483e+308']Failed
negative real projection['-1.1312043838', '2.471726672']['-1.1312043838', '2.471726672']Passed
ordinary['2.6337770293', '0.67251368673']['2.6337770293', '0.67251368673']Passed
negative phase['2.6337770293', '-0.67251368673']['2.6337770293', '-0.67251368673']Passed
negative real['0.35644296024', '0.091014830274']['0.35644296024', '0.091014830274']Passed
negative zero phase['2.7182818285', '-0']['2.7182818285', '-0']Passed
zero['1', '0']['1', '0']Passed
tiny common factor['9.8813129168e-324', '0']['9.8813129168e-324', '0']Passed

SHA-256 / 5e0ad7fbb8f3541247611cb696b63cb5e0265fbab7c9ac08ddffa6bca7bf3b1e

2 / The unsuccessful fix

Exit 1
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import math
import struct
def render(x):
    if math.isnan(x): return 'nan'
    if math.isinf(x): return '-infinity' if x<0 else '+infinity'
    return format(x,'.11g')

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x,y):
    try:
        k=math.floor(x/math.log(2))
        f=x-k*math.log(2)
        scale=math.exp(f)
        c=math.cos(y); s=math.sin(y)
        real=min(math.exp(x),1e308)*c
        imag=math.ldexp(scale*s,k)
        return [render(real),render(imag)]
    except (ValueError, OverflowError, ZeroDivisionError, TypeError):
        return "arithmetic-error"
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
check('overflowing common factor', solve(710.0,math.pi/4), [render(math.exp(710-math.log(2))*(2*math.cos(math.pi/4))),render(math.exp(710-math.log(2))*(2*math.sin(math.pi/4)))])
check('negative real projection', solve(float(N),2.0), [render(math.exp(N)*math.cos(2)),render(math.exp(N)*math.sin(2))])
check('ordinary', solve(float(N),0.25), [render(math.exp(N)*math.cos(0.25)),render(math.exp(N)*math.sin(0.25))])
check('negative phase', solve(float(N),-0.25), [render(math.exp(N)*math.cos(-0.25)),render(math.exp(N)*math.sin(-0.25))])
check('negative real', solve(-float(N),0.25), [render(math.exp(-N)*math.cos(0.25)),render(math.exp(-N)*math.sin(0.25))])
check('negative zero phase', solve(float(N),-0.0), [render(math.exp(N)),"-0"])
check('zero', solve(0.0,0.0), ["1","0"])
check('tiny common factor', solve(-744.0,0.25), [render(math.exp(-744)*math.cos(0.25)),render(math.exp(-744)*math.sin(0.25))])
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
overflowing common factorarithmetic-error['1.5796728483e+308', '1.5796728483e+308']Failed
negative real projection['-1.1312043838', '2.471726672']['-1.1312043838', '2.471726672']Passed
ordinary['2.6337770293', '0.67251368673']['2.6337770293', '0.67251368673']Passed
negative phase['2.6337770293', '-0.67251368673']['2.6337770293', '-0.67251368673']Passed
negative real['0.35644296024', '0.091014830274']['0.35644296024', '0.091014830274']Passed
negative zero phase['2.7182818285', '-0']['2.7182818285', '-0']Passed
zero['1', '0']['1', '0']Passed
tiny common factor['9.8813129168e-324', '0']['9.8813129168e-324', '0']Passed

SHA-256 / 2bd832cf16a5853eb1c551af00135f55feabb412abed47a791c723c5732eaaf0

3 / The verified repair

Exit 0
"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import math
import struct
def render(x):
    if math.isnan(x): return 'nan'
    if math.isinf(x): return '-infinity' if x<0 else '+infinity'
    return format(x,'.11g')

N = 1
observations = []
def solve(x,y):
    try:
        k=math.floor(x/math.log(2))
        f=x-k*math.log(2)
        scale=math.exp(f)
        c=math.cos(y); s=math.sin(y)
        real=math.ldexp(scale*c,k)
        imag=math.ldexp(scale*s,k)
        return [render(real),render(imag)]
    except (ValueError, OverflowError, ZeroDivisionError, TypeError):
        return "arithmetic-error"
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
check('overflowing common factor', solve(710.0,math.pi/4), [render(math.exp(710-math.log(2))*(2*math.cos(math.pi/4))),render(math.exp(710-math.log(2))*(2*math.sin(math.pi/4)))])
check('negative real projection', solve(float(N),2.0), [render(math.exp(N)*math.cos(2)),render(math.exp(N)*math.sin(2))])
check('ordinary', solve(float(N),0.25), [render(math.exp(N)*math.cos(0.25)),render(math.exp(N)*math.sin(0.25))])
check('negative phase', solve(float(N),-0.25), [render(math.exp(N)*math.cos(-0.25)),render(math.exp(N)*math.sin(-0.25))])
check('negative real', solve(-float(N),0.25), [render(math.exp(-N)*math.cos(0.25)),render(math.exp(-N)*math.sin(0.25))])
check('negative zero phase', solve(float(N),-0.0), [render(math.exp(N)),"-0"])
check('zero', solve(0.0,0.0), ["1","0"])
check('tiny common factor', solve(-744.0,0.25), [render(math.exp(-744)*math.cos(0.25)),render(math.exp(-744)*math.sin(0.25))])
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)
Boundary fixtureActualExpectedOutcome
overflowing common factor['1.5796728483e+308', '1.5796728483e+308']['1.5796728483e+308', '1.5796728483e+308']Passed
negative real projection['-1.1312043838', '2.471726672']['-1.1312043838', '2.471726672']Passed
ordinary['2.6337770293', '0.67251368673']['2.6337770293', '0.67251368673']Passed
negative phase['2.6337770293', '-0.67251368673']['2.6337770293', '-0.67251368673']Passed
negative real['0.35644296024', '0.091014830274']['0.35644296024', '0.091014830274']Passed
negative zero phase['2.7182818285', '-0']['2.7182818285', '-0']Passed
zero['1', '0']['1', '0']Passed
tiny common factor['9.8813129168e-324', '0']['9.8813129168e-324', '0']Passed

SHA-256 / 89198c78290ab9a83ddcd2c3e75088ee557eeb226ffc27747f970eb6f8bb402b

Verification & scope

Controlled binary64 or explicitly stipulated miniature format; no hardware exception flags or platform floating environment are modeled. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.

Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:39:44.497921+00:00.

Case digest / 468e70c2fde162a0245c1e584a6af7faaeecc6dd8406973becda71750c6c4341