FA-1631 / Relational algebra / Open access

Truth selection: Confuses known false with true · case 01

The query violates its result contract: confuses known false with true.

Verified by executionVariant 1 · 8 checks per implementationDownload source bundle ↓JSON ↗

ROOT CAUSE

Confuses known false with true. The faulty SQL is: SELECT id FROM a WHERE flag IS NOT NULL

VERIFIED REPAIR

Use the required relational semantics: Select IDs for which nullable flag is true (any nonzero integer). Correct SQL: SELECT id FROM a WHERE flag

Unsuccessful approach: The alternative query still fails because it defaults unknown flags to true. Attempted SQL: SELECT id FROM a WHERE COALESCE(flag,1)

Case contract

Select IDs for which nullable flag is true (any nonzero integer). Inputs are finite relations a=rows and b=refs with columns (id,k,v,w,flag,parent). IDs are unique within each relation, None is SQL NULL, keys are ASCII strings or None, and other values are integers or None. Return an unordered result bag as lists sorted by repr, preserving multiplicity unless explicitly distinct.

Why this case matters

Executes actual in-memory SQLite relational semantics. The fixtures exercise empty inputs, nullable groups, duplicate facts, known zero, negative values, peer ties and partition boundaries. This models the specified query contract, not optimizer performance, disk durability or a complete migration transaction.

1 / The failure

Exit 1

"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import sqlite3
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(rows, refs):
    db = sqlite3.connect(':memory:')
    try:
        for name, records in [('a', rows), ('b', refs)]:
            db.execute('CREATE TABLE ' + name + ' (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, k TEXT, v INTEGER, w INTEGER, flag INTEGER, parent INTEGER)')
            db.executemany('INSERT INTO ' + name + ' VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?)', records)
        return sorted([list(row) for row in db.execute('SELECT id FROM a WHERE flag IS NOT NULL')], key=repr)
    finally:
        db.close()
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
if N == 1:
    check('empty relations', solve([], []), [])
    check('left facts without references', solve([[11, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [21, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 11], [31, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 21], [41, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 901], [51, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 31], [61, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 41], [71, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 11], [81, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 21], [91, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [101, None, None, 0, 1, 901], [111, None, 0, 5, 0, 11], [121, None, None, 7, None, 21], [131, 'c', None, 6, None, 31], [141, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 41], [151, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 51], [161, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [171, '', None, 2, 0, None], [181, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 11], [191, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 41], [201, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 21]], []), [[101], [151], [161], [181], [201], [31], [41], [51], [61], [81]])
    check('references without candidates', solve([], [[11, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [21, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [31, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [41, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [51, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [61, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [71, None, None, 2, 1, None], [81, None, 0, 5, None, None], [91, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [101, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [111, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [121, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [])
    check('mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags', solve([[11, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [21, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 11], [31, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 21], [41, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 901], [51, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 31], [61, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 41], [71, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 11], [81, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 21], [91, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [101, None, None, 0, 1, 901], [111, None, 0, 5, 0, 11], [121, None, None, 7, None, 21], [131, 'c', None, 6, None, 31], [141, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 41], [151, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 51], [161, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [171, '', None, 2, 0, None], [181, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 11], [191, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 41], [201, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 21]], [[11, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [21, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [31, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [41, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [51, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [61, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [71, None, None, 2, 1, None], [81, None, 0, 5, None, None], [91, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [101, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [111, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [121, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [[101], [151], [161], [181], [201], [31], [41], [51], [61], [81]])
    check('unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys', solve([[11, None, None, 3, None, None], [21, None, None, 4, None, None], [31, 'x', None, 5, None, None]], [[11, None, None, 2, None, None]]), [])
    check('single known zero and matching reference', solve([[11, 'a', 0, 9, 0, 11]], [[11, 'a', 0, 3, 1, None]]), [])
    check('negative-only group and missing measurement', solve([[11, 'n', -2, 4, -1, 11], [21, 'n', None, 2, 0, 21], [31, 'n', -1, 0, 2, None]], [[11, 'n', -2, 1, 1, None]]), [[11], [31]])
    check('positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL', solve([[11, 'p', 2, 1, 1, 11], [21, 'p', 2, 2, 1, 11], [31, 'p', 3, 0, 1, 11], [41, 'p', None, 1, 0, None]], [[11, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None], [21, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None]]), [[11], [21], [31]])
elif N == 2:
    check('empty relations', solve([], []), [])
    check('left facts without references', solve([[12, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [22, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 12], [32, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 22], [42, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 902], [52, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 32], [62, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 42], [72, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 12], [82, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 22], [92, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [102, None, None, 0, 1, 902], [112, None, 0, 5, 0, 12], [122, None, None, 7, None, 22], [132, 'c', None, 6, None, 32], [142, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 42], [152, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 52], [162, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [172, '', None, 2, 0, None], [182, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 12], [192, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 42], [202, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 22]], []), [[102], [152], [162], [182], [202], [32], [42], [52], [62], [82]])
    check('references without candidates', solve([], [[12, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [22, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [32, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [42, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [52, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [62, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [72, None, None, 2, 1, None], [82, None, 0, 5, None, None], [92, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [102, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [112, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [122, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [])
    check('mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags', solve([[12, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [22, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 12], [32, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 22], [42, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 902], [52, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 32], [62, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 42], [72, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 12], [82, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 22], [92, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [102, None, None, 0, 1, 902], [112, None, 0, 5, 0, 12], [122, None, None, 7, None, 22], [132, 'c', None, 6, None, 32], [142, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 42], [152, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 52], [162, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [172, '', None, 2, 0, None], [182, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 12], [192, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 42], [202, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 22]], [[12, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [22, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [32, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [42, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [52, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [62, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [72, None, None, 2, 1, None], [82, None, 0, 5, None, None], [92, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [102, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [112, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [122, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [[102], [152], [162], [182], [202], [32], [42], [52], [62], [82]])
    check('unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys', solve([[12, None, None, 3, None, None], [22, None, None, 4, None, None], [32, 'x', None, 5, None, None]], [[12, None, None, 2, None, None]]), [])
    check('single known zero and matching reference', solve([[12, 'a', 0, 9, 0, 12]], [[12, 'a', 0, 3, 1, None]]), [])
    check('negative-only group and missing measurement', solve([[12, 'n', -2, 4, -1, 12], [22, 'n', None, 2, 0, 22], [32, 'n', -1, 0, 2, None]], [[12, 'n', -2, 1, 1, None]]), [[12], [32]])
    check('positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL', solve([[12, 'p', 2, 1, 1, 12], [22, 'p', 2, 2, 1, 12], [32, 'p', 3, 0, 1, 12], [42, 'p', None, 1, 0, None]], [[12, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None], [22, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None]]), [[12], [22], [32]])
elif N == 3:
    check('empty relations', solve([], []), [])
    check('left facts without references', solve([[13, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [23, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 13], [33, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 23], [43, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 903], [53, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 33], [63, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 43], [73, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 13], [83, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 23], [93, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [103, None, None, 0, 1, 903], [113, None, 0, 5, 0, 13], [123, None, None, 7, None, 23], [133, 'c', None, 6, None, 33], [143, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 43], [153, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 53], [163, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [173, '', None, 2, 0, None], [183, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 13], [193, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 43], [203, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 23]], []), [[103], [153], [163], [183], [203], [33], [43], [53], [63], [83]])
    check('references without candidates', solve([], [[13, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [23, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [33, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [43, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [53, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [63, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [73, None, None, 2, 1, None], [83, None, 0, 5, None, None], [93, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [103, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [113, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [123, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [])
    check('mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags', solve([[13, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [23, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 13], [33, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 23], [43, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 903], [53, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 33], [63, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 43], [73, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 13], [83, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 23], [93, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [103, None, None, 0, 1, 903], [113, None, 0, 5, 0, 13], [123, None, None, 7, None, 23], [133, 'c', None, 6, None, 33], [143, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 43], [153, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 53], [163, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [173, '', None, 2, 0, None], [183, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 13], [193, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 43], [203, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 23]], [[13, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [23, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [33, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [43, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [53, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [63, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [73, None, None, 2, 1, None], [83, None, 0, 5, None, None], [93, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [103, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [113, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [123, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [[103], [153], [163], [183], [203], [33], [43], [53], [63], [83]])
    check('unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys', solve([[13, None, None, 3, None, None], [23, None, None, 4, None, None], [33, 'x', None, 5, None, None]], [[13, None, None, 2, None, None]]), [])
    check('single known zero and matching reference', solve([[13, 'a', 0, 9, 0, 13]], [[13, 'a', 0, 3, 1, None]]), [])
    check('negative-only group and missing measurement', solve([[13, 'n', -2, 4, -1, 13], [23, 'n', None, 2, 0, 23], [33, 'n', -1, 0, 2, None]], [[13, 'n', -2, 1, 1, None]]), [[13], [33]])
    check('positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL', solve([[13, 'p', 2, 1, 1, 13], [23, 'p', 2, 2, 1, 13], [33, 'p', 3, 0, 1, 13], [43, 'p', None, 1, 0, None]], [[13, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None], [23, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None]]), [[13], [23], [33]])
elif N == 4:
    check('empty relations', solve([], []), [])
    check('left facts without references', solve([[14, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [24, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 14], [34, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 24], [44, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 904], [54, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 34], [64, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 44], [74, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 14], [84, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 24], [94, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [104, None, None, 0, 1, 904], [114, None, 0, 5, 0, 14], [124, None, None, 7, None, 24], [134, 'c', None, 6, None, 34], [144, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 44], [154, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 54], [164, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [174, '', None, 2, 0, None], [184, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 14], [194, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 44], [204, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 24]], []), [[104], [154], [164], [184], [204], [34], [44], [54], [64], [84]])
    check('references without candidates', solve([], [[14, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [24, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [34, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [44, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [54, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [64, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [74, None, None, 2, 1, None], [84, None, 0, 5, None, None], [94, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [104, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [114, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [124, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [])
    check('mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags', solve([[14, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [24, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 14], [34, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 24], [44, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 904], [54, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 34], [64, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 44], [74, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 14], [84, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 24], [94, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [104, None, None, 0, 1, 904], [114, None, 0, 5, 0, 14], [124, None, None, 7, None, 24], [134, 'c', None, 6, None, 34], [144, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 44], [154, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 54], [164, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [174, '', None, 2, 0, None], [184, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 14], [194, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 44], [204, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 24]], [[14, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [24, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [34, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [44, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [54, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [64, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [74, None, None, 2, 1, None], [84, None, 0, 5, None, None], [94, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [104, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [114, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [124, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [[104], [154], [164], [184], [204], [34], [44], [54], [64], [84]])
    check('unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys', solve([[14, None, None, 3, None, None], [24, None, None, 4, None, None], [34, 'x', None, 5, None, None]], [[14, None, None, 2, None, None]]), [])
    check('single known zero and matching reference', solve([[14, 'a', 0, 9, 0, 14]], [[14, 'a', 0, 3, 1, None]]), [])
    check('negative-only group and missing measurement', solve([[14, 'n', -2, 4, -1, 14], [24, 'n', None, 2, 0, 24], [34, 'n', -1, 0, 2, None]], [[14, 'n', -2, 1, 1, None]]), [[14], [34]])
    check('positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL', solve([[14, 'p', 2, 1, 1, 14], [24, 'p', 2, 2, 1, 14], [34, 'p', 3, 0, 1, 14], [44, 'p', None, 1, 0, None]], [[14, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None], [24, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None]]), [[14], [24], [34]])
elif N == 5:
    check('empty relations', solve([], []), [])
    check('left facts without references', solve([[15, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [25, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 15], [35, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 25], [45, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 905], [55, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 35], [65, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 45], [75, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 15], [85, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 25], [95, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [105, None, None, 0, 1, 905], [115, None, 0, 5, 0, 15], [125, None, None, 7, None, 25], [135, 'c', None, 6, None, 35], [145, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 45], [155, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 55], [165, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [175, '', None, 2, 0, None], [185, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 15], [195, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 45], [205, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 25]], []), [[105], [155], [165], [185], [205], [35], [45], [55], [65], [85]])
    check('references without candidates', solve([], [[15, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [25, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [35, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [45, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [55, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [65, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [75, None, None, 2, 1, None], [85, None, 0, 5, None, None], [95, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [105, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [115, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [125, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [])
    check('mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags', solve([[15, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [25, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 15], [35, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 25], [45, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 905], [55, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 35], [65, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 45], [75, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 15], [85, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 25], [95, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [105, None, None, 0, 1, 905], [115, None, 0, 5, 0, 15], [125, None, None, 7, None, 25], [135, 'c', None, 6, None, 35], [145, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 45], [155, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 55], [165, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [175, '', None, 2, 0, None], [185, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 15], [195, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 45], [205, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 25]], [[15, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [25, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [35, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [45, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [55, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [65, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [75, None, None, 2, 1, None], [85, None, 0, 5, None, None], [95, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [105, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [115, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [125, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [[105], [155], [165], [185], [205], [35], [45], [55], [65], [85]])
    check('unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys', solve([[15, None, None, 3, None, None], [25, None, None, 4, None, None], [35, 'x', None, 5, None, None]], [[15, None, None, 2, None, None]]), [])
    check('single known zero and matching reference', solve([[15, 'a', 0, 9, 0, 15]], [[15, 'a', 0, 3, 1, None]]), [])
    check('negative-only group and missing measurement', solve([[15, 'n', -2, 4, -1, 15], [25, 'n', None, 2, 0, 25], [35, 'n', -1, 0, 2, None]], [[15, 'n', -2, 1, 1, None]]), [[15], [35]])
    check('positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL', solve([[15, 'p', 2, 1, 1, 15], [25, 'p', 2, 2, 1, 15], [35, 'p', 3, 0, 1, 15], [45, 'p', None, 1, 0, None]], [[15, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None], [25, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None]]), [[15], [25], [35]])
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)

Boundary fixture	Actual	Expected	Outcome
empty relations	`[]`	`[]`	Passed
left facts without references	`[[101], [111], [141], [151], [161], [171], [181], [191], [201], [21], [31], [41], [51], [61], [71], [81]]`	`[[101], [151], [161], [181], [201], [31], [41], [51], [61], [81]]`	Failed
references without candidates	`[]`	`[]`	Passed
mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags	`[[101], [111], [141], [151], [161], [171], [181], [191], [201], [21], [31], [41], [51], [61], [71], [81]]`	`[[101], [151], [161], [181], [201], [31], [41], [51], [61], [81]]`	Failed
unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys	`[]`	`[]`	Passed
single known zero and matching reference	`[[11]]`	`[]`	Failed
negative-only group and missing measurement	`[[11], [21], [31]]`	`[[11], [31]]`	Failed
positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL	`[[11], [21], [31], [41]]`	`[[11], [21], [31]]`	Failed

SHA-256 / 9272af9bad9f84a2e98021205eb0f8502613bee5e9535348ac9d5bd108c04dd3

2 / The unsuccessful fix

Exit 1

"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import sqlite3
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(rows, refs):
    db = sqlite3.connect(':memory:')
    try:
        for name, records in [('a', rows), ('b', refs)]:
            db.execute('CREATE TABLE ' + name + ' (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, k TEXT, v INTEGER, w INTEGER, flag INTEGER, parent INTEGER)')
            db.executemany('INSERT INTO ' + name + ' VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?)', records)
        return sorted([list(row) for row in db.execute('SELECT id FROM a WHERE COALESCE(flag,1)')], key=repr)
    finally:
        db.close()
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
if N == 1:
    check('empty relations', solve([], []), [])
    check('left facts without references', solve([[11, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [21, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 11], [31, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 21], [41, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 901], [51, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 31], [61, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 41], [71, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 11], [81, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 21], [91, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [101, None, None, 0, 1, 901], [111, None, 0, 5, 0, 11], [121, None, None, 7, None, 21], [131, 'c', None, 6, None, 31], [141, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 41], [151, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 51], [161, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [171, '', None, 2, 0, None], [181, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 11], [191, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 41], [201, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 21]], []), [[101], [151], [161], [181], [201], [31], [41], [51], [61], [81]])
    check('references without candidates', solve([], [[11, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [21, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [31, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [41, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [51, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [61, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [71, None, None, 2, 1, None], [81, None, 0, 5, None, None], [91, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [101, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [111, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [121, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [])
    check('mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags', solve([[11, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [21, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 11], [31, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 21], [41, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 901], [51, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 31], [61, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 41], [71, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 11], [81, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 21], [91, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [101, None, None, 0, 1, 901], [111, None, 0, 5, 0, 11], [121, None, None, 7, None, 21], [131, 'c', None, 6, None, 31], [141, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 41], [151, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 51], [161, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [171, '', None, 2, 0, None], [181, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 11], [191, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 41], [201, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 21]], [[11, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [21, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [31, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [41, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [51, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [61, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [71, None, None, 2, 1, None], [81, None, 0, 5, None, None], [91, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [101, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [111, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [121, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [[101], [151], [161], [181], [201], [31], [41], [51], [61], [81]])
    check('unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys', solve([[11, None, None, 3, None, None], [21, None, None, 4, None, None], [31, 'x', None, 5, None, None]], [[11, None, None, 2, None, None]]), [])
    check('single known zero and matching reference', solve([[11, 'a', 0, 9, 0, 11]], [[11, 'a', 0, 3, 1, None]]), [])
    check('negative-only group and missing measurement', solve([[11, 'n', -2, 4, -1, 11], [21, 'n', None, 2, 0, 21], [31, 'n', -1, 0, 2, None]], [[11, 'n', -2, 1, 1, None]]), [[11], [31]])
    check('positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL', solve([[11, 'p', 2, 1, 1, 11], [21, 'p', 2, 2, 1, 11], [31, 'p', 3, 0, 1, 11], [41, 'p', None, 1, 0, None]], [[11, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None], [21, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None]]), [[11], [21], [31]])
elif N == 2:
    check('empty relations', solve([], []), [])
    check('left facts without references', solve([[12, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [22, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 12], [32, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 22], [42, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 902], [52, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 32], [62, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 42], [72, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 12], [82, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 22], [92, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [102, None, None, 0, 1, 902], [112, None, 0, 5, 0, 12], [122, None, None, 7, None, 22], [132, 'c', None, 6, None, 32], [142, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 42], [152, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 52], [162, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [172, '', None, 2, 0, None], [182, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 12], [192, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 42], [202, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 22]], []), [[102], [152], [162], [182], [202], [32], [42], [52], [62], [82]])
    check('references without candidates', solve([], [[12, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [22, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [32, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [42, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [52, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [62, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [72, None, None, 2, 1, None], [82, None, 0, 5, None, None], [92, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [102, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [112, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [122, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [])
    check('mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags', solve([[12, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [22, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 12], [32, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 22], [42, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 902], [52, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 32], [62, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 42], [72, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 12], [82, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 22], [92, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [102, None, None, 0, 1, 902], [112, None, 0, 5, 0, 12], [122, None, None, 7, None, 22], [132, 'c', None, 6, None, 32], [142, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 42], [152, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 52], [162, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [172, '', None, 2, 0, None], [182, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 12], [192, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 42], [202, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 22]], [[12, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [22, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [32, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [42, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [52, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [62, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [72, None, None, 2, 1, None], [82, None, 0, 5, None, None], [92, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [102, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [112, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [122, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [[102], [152], [162], [182], [202], [32], [42], [52], [62], [82]])
    check('unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys', solve([[12, None, None, 3, None, None], [22, None, None, 4, None, None], [32, 'x', None, 5, None, None]], [[12, None, None, 2, None, None]]), [])
    check('single known zero and matching reference', solve([[12, 'a', 0, 9, 0, 12]], [[12, 'a', 0, 3, 1, None]]), [])
    check('negative-only group and missing measurement', solve([[12, 'n', -2, 4, -1, 12], [22, 'n', None, 2, 0, 22], [32, 'n', -1, 0, 2, None]], [[12, 'n', -2, 1, 1, None]]), [[12], [32]])
    check('positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL', solve([[12, 'p', 2, 1, 1, 12], [22, 'p', 2, 2, 1, 12], [32, 'p', 3, 0, 1, 12], [42, 'p', None, 1, 0, None]], [[12, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None], [22, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None]]), [[12], [22], [32]])
elif N == 3:
    check('empty relations', solve([], []), [])
    check('left facts without references', solve([[13, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [23, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 13], [33, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 23], [43, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 903], [53, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 33], [63, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 43], [73, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 13], [83, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 23], [93, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [103, None, None, 0, 1, 903], [113, None, 0, 5, 0, 13], [123, None, None, 7, None, 23], [133, 'c', None, 6, None, 33], [143, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 43], [153, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 53], [163, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [173, '', None, 2, 0, None], [183, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 13], [193, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 43], [203, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 23]], []), [[103], [153], [163], [183], [203], [33], [43], [53], [63], [83]])
    check('references without candidates', solve([], [[13, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [23, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [33, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [43, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [53, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [63, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [73, None, None, 2, 1, None], [83, None, 0, 5, None, None], [93, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [103, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [113, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [123, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [])
    check('mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags', solve([[13, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [23, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 13], [33, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 23], [43, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 903], [53, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 33], [63, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 43], [73, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 13], [83, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 23], [93, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [103, None, None, 0, 1, 903], [113, None, 0, 5, 0, 13], [123, None, None, 7, None, 23], [133, 'c', None, 6, None, 33], [143, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 43], [153, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 53], [163, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [173, '', None, 2, 0, None], [183, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 13], [193, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 43], [203, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 23]], [[13, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [23, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [33, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [43, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [53, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [63, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [73, None, None, 2, 1, None], [83, None, 0, 5, None, None], [93, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [103, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [113, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [123, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [[103], [153], [163], [183], [203], [33], [43], [53], [63], [83]])
    check('unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys', solve([[13, None, None, 3, None, None], [23, None, None, 4, None, None], [33, 'x', None, 5, None, None]], [[13, None, None, 2, None, None]]), [])
    check('single known zero and matching reference', solve([[13, 'a', 0, 9, 0, 13]], [[13, 'a', 0, 3, 1, None]]), [])
    check('negative-only group and missing measurement', solve([[13, 'n', -2, 4, -1, 13], [23, 'n', None, 2, 0, 23], [33, 'n', -1, 0, 2, None]], [[13, 'n', -2, 1, 1, None]]), [[13], [33]])
    check('positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL', solve([[13, 'p', 2, 1, 1, 13], [23, 'p', 2, 2, 1, 13], [33, 'p', 3, 0, 1, 13], [43, 'p', None, 1, 0, None]], [[13, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None], [23, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None]]), [[13], [23], [33]])
elif N == 4:
    check('empty relations', solve([], []), [])
    check('left facts without references', solve([[14, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [24, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 14], [34, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 24], [44, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 904], [54, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 34], [64, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 44], [74, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 14], [84, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 24], [94, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [104, None, None, 0, 1, 904], [114, None, 0, 5, 0, 14], [124, None, None, 7, None, 24], [134, 'c', None, 6, None, 34], [144, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 44], [154, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 54], [164, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [174, '', None, 2, 0, None], [184, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 14], [194, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 44], [204, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 24]], []), [[104], [154], [164], [184], [204], [34], [44], [54], [64], [84]])
    check('references without candidates', solve([], [[14, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [24, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [34, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [44, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [54, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [64, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [74, None, None, 2, 1, None], [84, None, 0, 5, None, None], [94, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [104, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [114, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [124, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [])
    check('mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags', solve([[14, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [24, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 14], [34, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 24], [44, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 904], [54, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 34], [64, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 44], [74, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 14], [84, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 24], [94, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [104, None, None, 0, 1, 904], [114, None, 0, 5, 0, 14], [124, None, None, 7, None, 24], [134, 'c', None, 6, None, 34], [144, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 44], [154, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 54], [164, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [174, '', None, 2, 0, None], [184, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 14], [194, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 44], [204, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 24]], [[14, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [24, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [34, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [44, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [54, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [64, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [74, None, None, 2, 1, None], [84, None, 0, 5, None, None], [94, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [104, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [114, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [124, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [[104], [154], [164], [184], [204], [34], [44], [54], [64], [84]])
    check('unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys', solve([[14, None, None, 3, None, None], [24, None, None, 4, None, None], [34, 'x', None, 5, None, None]], [[14, None, None, 2, None, None]]), [])
    check('single known zero and matching reference', solve([[14, 'a', 0, 9, 0, 14]], [[14, 'a', 0, 3, 1, None]]), [])
    check('negative-only group and missing measurement', solve([[14, 'n', -2, 4, -1, 14], [24, 'n', None, 2, 0, 24], [34, 'n', -1, 0, 2, None]], [[14, 'n', -2, 1, 1, None]]), [[14], [34]])
    check('positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL', solve([[14, 'p', 2, 1, 1, 14], [24, 'p', 2, 2, 1, 14], [34, 'p', 3, 0, 1, 14], [44, 'p', None, 1, 0, None]], [[14, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None], [24, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None]]), [[14], [24], [34]])
elif N == 5:
    check('empty relations', solve([], []), [])
    check('left facts without references', solve([[15, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [25, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 15], [35, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 25], [45, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 905], [55, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 35], [65, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 45], [75, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 15], [85, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 25], [95, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [105, None, None, 0, 1, 905], [115, None, 0, 5, 0, 15], [125, None, None, 7, None, 25], [135, 'c', None, 6, None, 35], [145, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 45], [155, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 55], [165, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [175, '', None, 2, 0, None], [185, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 15], [195, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 45], [205, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 25]], []), [[105], [155], [165], [185], [205], [35], [45], [55], [65], [85]])
    check('references without candidates', solve([], [[15, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [25, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [35, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [45, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [55, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [65, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [75, None, None, 2, 1, None], [85, None, 0, 5, None, None], [95, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [105, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [115, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [125, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [])
    check('mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags', solve([[15, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [25, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 15], [35, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 25], [45, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 905], [55, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 35], [65, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 45], [75, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 15], [85, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 25], [95, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [105, None, None, 0, 1, 905], [115, None, 0, 5, 0, 15], [125, None, None, 7, None, 25], [135, 'c', None, 6, None, 35], [145, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 45], [155, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 55], [165, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [175, '', None, 2, 0, None], [185, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 15], [195, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 45], [205, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 25]], [[15, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [25, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [35, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [45, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [55, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [65, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [75, None, None, 2, 1, None], [85, None, 0, 5, None, None], [95, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [105, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [115, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [125, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [[105], [155], [165], [185], [205], [35], [45], [55], [65], [85]])
    check('unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys', solve([[15, None, None, 3, None, None], [25, None, None, 4, None, None], [35, 'x', None, 5, None, None]], [[15, None, None, 2, None, None]]), [])
    check('single known zero and matching reference', solve([[15, 'a', 0, 9, 0, 15]], [[15, 'a', 0, 3, 1, None]]), [])
    check('negative-only group and missing measurement', solve([[15, 'n', -2, 4, -1, 15], [25, 'n', None, 2, 0, 25], [35, 'n', -1, 0, 2, None]], [[15, 'n', -2, 1, 1, None]]), [[15], [35]])
    check('positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL', solve([[15, 'p', 2, 1, 1, 15], [25, 'p', 2, 2, 1, 15], [35, 'p', 3, 0, 1, 15], [45, 'p', None, 1, 0, None]], [[15, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None], [25, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None]]), [[15], [25], [35]])
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)

Boundary fixture	Actual	Expected	Outcome
empty relations	`[]`	`[]`	Passed
left facts without references	`[[101], [11], [121], [131], [151], [161], [181], [201], [31], [41], [51], [61], [81], [91]]`	`[[101], [151], [161], [181], [201], [31], [41], [51], [61], [81]]`	Failed
references without candidates	`[]`	`[]`	Passed
mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags	`[[101], [11], [121], [131], [151], [161], [181], [201], [31], [41], [51], [61], [81], [91]]`	`[[101], [151], [161], [181], [201], [31], [41], [51], [61], [81]]`	Failed
unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys	`[[11], [21], [31]]`	`[]`	Failed
single known zero and matching reference	`[]`	`[]`	Passed
negative-only group and missing measurement	`[[11], [31]]`	`[[11], [31]]`	Passed
positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL	`[[11], [21], [31]]`	`[[11], [21], [31]]`	Passed

SHA-256 / 9d53cef68b4d380b1c930fb9e60bfa353dd948dae66ff73429e62bf25017befc

3 / The verified repair

Exit 0

"""Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only."""
import json
import sqlite3
N = 1
observations = []
def solve(rows, refs):
    db = sqlite3.connect(':memory:')
    try:
        for name, records in [('a', rows), ('b', refs)]:
            db.execute('CREATE TABLE ' + name + ' (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, k TEXT, v INTEGER, w INTEGER, flag INTEGER, parent INTEGER)')
            db.executemany('INSERT INTO ' + name + ' VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?)', records)
        return sorted([list(row) for row in db.execute('SELECT id FROM a WHERE flag')], key=repr)
    finally:
        db.close()
def check(label, actual, expected):
    observations.append({"check": label, "actual": actual, "expected": expected, "passed": actual == expected})
if N == 1:
    check('empty relations', solve([], []), [])
    check('left facts without references', solve([[11, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [21, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 11], [31, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 21], [41, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 901], [51, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 31], [61, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 41], [71, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 11], [81, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 21], [91, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [101, None, None, 0, 1, 901], [111, None, 0, 5, 0, 11], [121, None, None, 7, None, 21], [131, 'c', None, 6, None, 31], [141, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 41], [151, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 51], [161, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [171, '', None, 2, 0, None], [181, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 11], [191, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 41], [201, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 21]], []), [[101], [151], [161], [181], [201], [31], [41], [51], [61], [81]])
    check('references without candidates', solve([], [[11, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [21, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [31, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [41, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [51, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [61, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [71, None, None, 2, 1, None], [81, None, 0, 5, None, None], [91, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [101, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [111, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [121, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [])
    check('mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags', solve([[11, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [21, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 11], [31, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 21], [41, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 901], [51, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 31], [61, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 41], [71, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 11], [81, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 21], [91, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [101, None, None, 0, 1, 901], [111, None, 0, 5, 0, 11], [121, None, None, 7, None, 21], [131, 'c', None, 6, None, 31], [141, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 41], [151, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 51], [161, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [171, '', None, 2, 0, None], [181, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 11], [191, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 41], [201, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 21]], [[11, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [21, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [31, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [41, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [51, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [61, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [71, None, None, 2, 1, None], [81, None, 0, 5, None, None], [91, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [101, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [111, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [121, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [[101], [151], [161], [181], [201], [31], [41], [51], [61], [81]])
    check('unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys', solve([[11, None, None, 3, None, None], [21, None, None, 4, None, None], [31, 'x', None, 5, None, None]], [[11, None, None, 2, None, None]]), [])
    check('single known zero and matching reference', solve([[11, 'a', 0, 9, 0, 11]], [[11, 'a', 0, 3, 1, None]]), [])
    check('negative-only group and missing measurement', solve([[11, 'n', -2, 4, -1, 11], [21, 'n', None, 2, 0, 21], [31, 'n', -1, 0, 2, None]], [[11, 'n', -2, 1, 1, None]]), [[11], [31]])
    check('positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL', solve([[11, 'p', 2, 1, 1, 11], [21, 'p', 2, 2, 1, 11], [31, 'p', 3, 0, 1, 11], [41, 'p', None, 1, 0, None]], [[11, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None], [21, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None]]), [[11], [21], [31]])
elif N == 2:
    check('empty relations', solve([], []), [])
    check('left facts without references', solve([[12, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [22, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 12], [32, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 22], [42, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 902], [52, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 32], [62, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 42], [72, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 12], [82, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 22], [92, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [102, None, None, 0, 1, 902], [112, None, 0, 5, 0, 12], [122, None, None, 7, None, 22], [132, 'c', None, 6, None, 32], [142, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 42], [152, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 52], [162, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [172, '', None, 2, 0, None], [182, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 12], [192, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 42], [202, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 22]], []), [[102], [152], [162], [182], [202], [32], [42], [52], [62], [82]])
    check('references without candidates', solve([], [[12, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [22, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [32, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [42, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [52, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [62, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [72, None, None, 2, 1, None], [82, None, 0, 5, None, None], [92, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [102, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [112, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [122, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [])
    check('mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags', solve([[12, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [22, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 12], [32, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 22], [42, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 902], [52, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 32], [62, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 42], [72, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 12], [82, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 22], [92, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [102, None, None, 0, 1, 902], [112, None, 0, 5, 0, 12], [122, None, None, 7, None, 22], [132, 'c', None, 6, None, 32], [142, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 42], [152, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 52], [162, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [172, '', None, 2, 0, None], [182, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 12], [192, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 42], [202, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 22]], [[12, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [22, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [32, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [42, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [52, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [62, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [72, None, None, 2, 1, None], [82, None, 0, 5, None, None], [92, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [102, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [112, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [122, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [[102], [152], [162], [182], [202], [32], [42], [52], [62], [82]])
    check('unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys', solve([[12, None, None, 3, None, None], [22, None, None, 4, None, None], [32, 'x', None, 5, None, None]], [[12, None, None, 2, None, None]]), [])
    check('single known zero and matching reference', solve([[12, 'a', 0, 9, 0, 12]], [[12, 'a', 0, 3, 1, None]]), [])
    check('negative-only group and missing measurement', solve([[12, 'n', -2, 4, -1, 12], [22, 'n', None, 2, 0, 22], [32, 'n', -1, 0, 2, None]], [[12, 'n', -2, 1, 1, None]]), [[12], [32]])
    check('positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL', solve([[12, 'p', 2, 1, 1, 12], [22, 'p', 2, 2, 1, 12], [32, 'p', 3, 0, 1, 12], [42, 'p', None, 1, 0, None]], [[12, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None], [22, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None]]), [[12], [22], [32]])
elif N == 3:
    check('empty relations', solve([], []), [])
    check('left facts without references', solve([[13, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [23, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 13], [33, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 23], [43, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 903], [53, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 33], [63, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 43], [73, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 13], [83, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 23], [93, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [103, None, None, 0, 1, 903], [113, None, 0, 5, 0, 13], [123, None, None, 7, None, 23], [133, 'c', None, 6, None, 33], [143, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 43], [153, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 53], [163, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [173, '', None, 2, 0, None], [183, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 13], [193, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 43], [203, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 23]], []), [[103], [153], [163], [183], [203], [33], [43], [53], [63], [83]])
    check('references without candidates', solve([], [[13, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [23, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [33, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [43, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [53, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [63, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [73, None, None, 2, 1, None], [83, None, 0, 5, None, None], [93, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [103, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [113, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [123, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [])
    check('mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags', solve([[13, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [23, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 13], [33, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 23], [43, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 903], [53, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 33], [63, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 43], [73, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 13], [83, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 23], [93, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [103, None, None, 0, 1, 903], [113, None, 0, 5, 0, 13], [123, None, None, 7, None, 23], [133, 'c', None, 6, None, 33], [143, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 43], [153, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 53], [163, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [173, '', None, 2, 0, None], [183, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 13], [193, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 43], [203, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 23]], [[13, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [23, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [33, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [43, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [53, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [63, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [73, None, None, 2, 1, None], [83, None, 0, 5, None, None], [93, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [103, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [113, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [123, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [[103], [153], [163], [183], [203], [33], [43], [53], [63], [83]])
    check('unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys', solve([[13, None, None, 3, None, None], [23, None, None, 4, None, None], [33, 'x', None, 5, None, None]], [[13, None, None, 2, None, None]]), [])
    check('single known zero and matching reference', solve([[13, 'a', 0, 9, 0, 13]], [[13, 'a', 0, 3, 1, None]]), [])
    check('negative-only group and missing measurement', solve([[13, 'n', -2, 4, -1, 13], [23, 'n', None, 2, 0, 23], [33, 'n', -1, 0, 2, None]], [[13, 'n', -2, 1, 1, None]]), [[13], [33]])
    check('positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL', solve([[13, 'p', 2, 1, 1, 13], [23, 'p', 2, 2, 1, 13], [33, 'p', 3, 0, 1, 13], [43, 'p', None, 1, 0, None]], [[13, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None], [23, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None]]), [[13], [23], [33]])
elif N == 4:
    check('empty relations', solve([], []), [])
    check('left facts without references', solve([[14, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [24, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 14], [34, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 24], [44, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 904], [54, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 34], [64, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 44], [74, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 14], [84, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 24], [94, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [104, None, None, 0, 1, 904], [114, None, 0, 5, 0, 14], [124, None, None, 7, None, 24], [134, 'c', None, 6, None, 34], [144, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 44], [154, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 54], [164, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [174, '', None, 2, 0, None], [184, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 14], [194, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 44], [204, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 24]], []), [[104], [154], [164], [184], [204], [34], [44], [54], [64], [84]])
    check('references without candidates', solve([], [[14, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [24, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [34, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [44, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [54, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [64, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [74, None, None, 2, 1, None], [84, None, 0, 5, None, None], [94, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [104, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [114, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [124, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [])
    check('mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags', solve([[14, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [24, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 14], [34, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 24], [44, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 904], [54, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 34], [64, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 44], [74, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 14], [84, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 24], [94, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [104, None, None, 0, 1, 904], [114, None, 0, 5, 0, 14], [124, None, None, 7, None, 24], [134, 'c', None, 6, None, 34], [144, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 44], [154, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 54], [164, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [174, '', None, 2, 0, None], [184, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 14], [194, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 44], [204, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 24]], [[14, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [24, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [34, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [44, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [54, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [64, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [74, None, None, 2, 1, None], [84, None, 0, 5, None, None], [94, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [104, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [114, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [124, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [[104], [154], [164], [184], [204], [34], [44], [54], [64], [84]])
    check('unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys', solve([[14, None, None, 3, None, None], [24, None, None, 4, None, None], [34, 'x', None, 5, None, None]], [[14, None, None, 2, None, None]]), [])
    check('single known zero and matching reference', solve([[14, 'a', 0, 9, 0, 14]], [[14, 'a', 0, 3, 1, None]]), [])
    check('negative-only group and missing measurement', solve([[14, 'n', -2, 4, -1, 14], [24, 'n', None, 2, 0, 24], [34, 'n', -1, 0, 2, None]], [[14, 'n', -2, 1, 1, None]]), [[14], [34]])
    check('positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL', solve([[14, 'p', 2, 1, 1, 14], [24, 'p', 2, 2, 1, 14], [34, 'p', 3, 0, 1, 14], [44, 'p', None, 1, 0, None]], [[14, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None], [24, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None]]), [[14], [24], [34]])
elif N == 5:
    check('empty relations', solve([], []), [])
    check('left facts without references', solve([[15, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [25, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 15], [35, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 25], [45, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 905], [55, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 35], [65, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 45], [75, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 15], [85, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 25], [95, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [105, None, None, 0, 1, 905], [115, None, 0, 5, 0, 15], [125, None, None, 7, None, 25], [135, 'c', None, 6, None, 35], [145, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 45], [155, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 55], [165, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [175, '', None, 2, 0, None], [185, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 15], [195, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 45], [205, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 25]], []), [[105], [155], [165], [185], [205], [35], [45], [55], [65], [85]])
    check('references without candidates', solve([], [[15, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [25, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [35, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [45, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [55, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [65, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [75, None, None, 2, 1, None], [85, None, 0, 5, None, None], [95, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [105, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [115, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [125, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [])
    check('mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags', solve([[15, 'a', None, 8, None, None], [25, 'a', 0, 3, 0, 15], [35, 'a', 2, 1, 1, 25], [45, 'a', 2, 2, 2, 905], [55, 'a', -1, 4, -1, 35], [65, 'a', 3, 1, 1, 45], [75, 'b', -2, 2, 0, 15], [85, 'b', 2, 8, 1, 25], [95, 'b', None, 4, None, None], [105, None, None, 0, 1, 905], [115, None, 0, 5, 0, 15], [125, None, None, 7, None, 25], [135, 'c', None, 6, None, 35], [145, 'd', -1, 1, 0, 45], [155, 'A', 2, 2, 1, 55], [165, ' a ', 2, 8, 1, None], [175, '', None, 2, 0, None], [185, 'a', 2, 8, 1, 15], [195, 'd', 1, 3, 0, 45], [205, 'd', -1, 0, -1, 25]], [[15, 'a', None, 0, 1, None], [25, 'a', 2, 2, 0, None], [35, 'a', 2, 3, 2, None], [45, 'a', 3, 4, None, None], [55, 'b', -2, 2, 1, None], [65, 'b', 0, 8, -1, None], [75, None, None, 2, 1, None], [85, None, 0, 5, None, None], [95, 'z', 3, 2, 0, None], [105, 'z', 3, 2, 1, None], [115, 'A', 2, 1, 1, None], [125, 'c', None, 2, 0, None]]), [[105], [155], [165], [185], [205], [35], [45], [55], [65], [85]])
    check('unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys', solve([[15, None, None, 3, None, None], [25, None, None, 4, None, None], [35, 'x', None, 5, None, None]], [[15, None, None, 2, None, None]]), [])
    check('single known zero and matching reference', solve([[15, 'a', 0, 9, 0, 15]], [[15, 'a', 0, 3, 1, None]]), [])
    check('negative-only group and missing measurement', solve([[15, 'n', -2, 4, -1, 15], [25, 'n', None, 2, 0, 25], [35, 'n', -1, 0, 2, None]], [[15, 'n', -2, 1, 1, None]]), [[15], [35]])
    check('positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL', solve([[15, 'p', 2, 1, 1, 15], [25, 'p', 2, 2, 1, 15], [35, 'p', 3, 0, 1, 15], [45, 'p', None, 1, 0, None]], [[15, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None], [25, 'p', 2, 1, 1, None]]), [[15], [25], [35]])
print(json.dumps({"observations": observations, "passed": all(x["passed"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))
raise SystemExit(0 if all(x["passed"] for x in observations) else 1)

Boundary fixture	Actual	Expected	Outcome
empty relations	`[]`	`[]`	Passed
left facts without references	`[[101], [151], [161], [181], [201], [31], [41], [51], [61], [81]]`	`[[101], [151], [161], [181], [201], [31], [41], [51], [61], [81]]`	Passed
references without candidates	`[]`	`[]`	Passed
mixed nullable groups duplicates ties and truth flags	`[[101], [151], [161], [181], [201], [31], [41], [51], [61], [81]]`	`[[101], [151], [161], [181], [201], [31], [41], [51], [61], [81]]`	Passed
unknown-only group with duplicate nullable index keys	`[]`	`[]`	Passed
single known zero and matching reference	`[]`	`[]`	Passed
negative-only group and missing measurement	`[[11], [31]]`	`[[11], [31]]`	Passed
positive-only group with repeated measurements and NULL	`[[11], [21], [31]]`	`[[11], [21], [31]]`	Passed

SHA-256 / 24e3b6b3c56cecf78e4396789f521a089954bd3ad7e8dec4194feea6303fde77

Verification & scope

This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.

Observations recorded using Python 3.12.14 at 2026-09-29T14:37:04.309654+00:00.

Case digest / 1ae9cb4a9b243966ca4bd108d012b7dfd7a8449c0b5a76a6e3ca50037f295f19