{"abstract":"West-mounted rows carry their calibration offset with the wrong sign.","category":"Solar tracker geometry","checks":7,"contract":"ax (across-axis) and az (normal) are gravity components in g. The magnitude must be within [0.8, 1.2] g, else [None, 'fault']. Rotation = atan2(ax, az) in degrees, negated for a sensor mounted on the west side, then minus the calibration offset, normalised to (-180, 180]. Return [angle rounded 2, 'ok'].","evaluation_group":"w2-solar_tracker_geometry-inclinometer-rotation","failed_approach":"Negating the offset for west sensors reproduces the same wrong order.","family":"w2-solar_tracker_geometry-inclinometer-rotation-flip-before-calibration","id":"FA-93606","implementations":{"attempt":{"sha256":"e99f443d8392c87a05ecc21b882a611a15b507172288ebbd5fd08efedff0eda8","source":"\"\"\"Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only.\"\"\"\nimport json\nimport math\nN = 1\nobservations = []\ndef solve(ax, az, mount, offset):\n    mag = math.hypot(ax, az)\n    if not 0.8 <= mag <= 1.2:\n        return [None, 'fault']\n    ang = math.degrees(math.atan2(ax, az))\n    if mount == 'west':\n        ang = -ang\n        offset = -offset\n    ang -= offset\n    ang = (ang + 180) % 360 - 180\n    if ang == -180:\n        ang = 180.0\n    return [round(ang, 2), 'ok']\ndef check(label, actual, expected):\n    observations.append({\"check\": label, \"actual\": actual, \"expected\": expected, \"passed\": actual == expected})\nfixtures = [[['boundary: magnitude at lower bound', [0.0, 0.8, 'east', 0], [0.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: magnitude at upper bound', [1.2, 0.0, 'east', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: upside-down reading', [0.0, -1.0, 'east', 0], [180.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration', [0.7778, -0.7778, 'west', 5], [-140.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)', [0.55, 0.9526, 'west', 5],\n   [-35.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 1', [-1.1, 0.0, 'west', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 2', [-0.4, 0.6928, 'east', 0], [None, 'fault']]],\n [['boundary: magnitude at lower bound', [0.0, 0.8, 'east', 0], [0.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: magnitude at upper bound', [1.2, 0.0, 'east', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: upside-down reading', [0.0, -1.0, 'east', 0], [180.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration', [0.0, 1.1, 'west', 2], [-2.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)', [0.5657, -0.5657, 'west', 2],\n   [-137.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 1', [-0.7778, 0.7778, 'east', 0], [-45.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 2', [0.0, 1.1, 'east', 2], [-2.0, 'ok']]],\n [['boundary: magnitude at lower bound', [0.0, 0.8, 'east', 0], [0.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: magnitude at upper bound', [1.2, 0.0, 'east', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: upside-down reading', [0.0, -1.0, 'east', 0], [180.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration', [0.0, -1.1, 'west', -3], [-177.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)', [-0.5, 0.866, 'west', 5], [25.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 1', [0.25, 0.433, 'west', 2], [None, 'fault']],\n  ['control 2', [0.8485, -0.8485, 'west', -3], [-132.0, 'ok']]],\n [['boundary: magnitude at lower bound', [0.0, 0.8, 'east', 0], [0.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: magnitude at upper bound', [1.2, 0.0, 'east', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: upside-down reading', [0.0, -1.0, 'east', 0], [180.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration', [1.0392, 0.6, 'west', 5], [-65.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)', [-0.7071, 0.7071, 'west', -3],\n   [48.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 1', [0.5657, -0.5657, 'east', -3], [138.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 2', [-0.6, 1.0392, 'east', 0], [-30.0, 'ok']]],\n [['boundary: magnitude at lower bound', [0.0, 0.8, 'east', 0], [0.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: magnitude at upper bound', [1.2, 0.0, 'east', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: upside-down reading', [0.0, -1.0, 'east', 0], [180.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration', [-0.866, -0.5, 'west', 2], [118.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)', [0.8, 0.0, 'west', -3], [-87.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 1', [0.6928, 0.4, 'east', 5], [None, 'fault']],\n  ['control 2', [-0.55, 0.9526, 'east', 2], [-32.0, 'ok']]]]\nfor label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:\n    check(label, solve(*args), expected)\nprint(json.dumps({\"observations\": observations, \"passed\": all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))\nraise SystemExit(0 if all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations) else 1)\n"},"broken":{"sha256":"8bbcb65450126c51116b071c8e28e7b7c193e926cd8a5dc056c6c7d598e94f95","source":"\"\"\"Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only.\"\"\"\nimport json\nimport math\nN = 1\nobservations = []\ndef solve(ax, az, mount, offset):\n    mag = math.hypot(ax, az)\n    if not 0.8 <= mag <= 1.2:\n        return [None, 'fault']\n    ang = math.degrees(math.atan2(ax, az))\n    ang -= offset\n    if mount == 'west':\n        ang = -ang\n    ang = (ang + 180) % 360 - 180\n    if ang == -180:\n        ang = 180.0\n    return [round(ang, 2), 'ok']\ndef check(label, actual, expected):\n    observations.append({\"check\": label, \"actual\": actual, \"expected\": expected, \"passed\": actual == expected})\nfixtures = [[['boundary: magnitude at lower bound', [0.0, 0.8, 'east', 0], [0.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: magnitude at upper bound', [1.2, 0.0, 'east', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: upside-down reading', [0.0, -1.0, 'east', 0], [180.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration', [0.7778, -0.7778, 'west', 5], [-140.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)', [0.55, 0.9526, 'west', 5],\n   [-35.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 1', [-1.1, 0.0, 'west', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 2', [-0.4, 0.6928, 'east', 0], [None, 'fault']]],\n [['boundary: magnitude at lower bound', [0.0, 0.8, 'east', 0], [0.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: magnitude at upper bound', [1.2, 0.0, 'east', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: upside-down reading', [0.0, -1.0, 'east', 0], [180.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration', [0.0, 1.1, 'west', 2], [-2.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)', [0.5657, -0.5657, 'west', 2],\n   [-137.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 1', [-0.7778, 0.7778, 'east', 0], [-45.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 2', [0.0, 1.1, 'east', 2], [-2.0, 'ok']]],\n [['boundary: magnitude at lower bound', [0.0, 0.8, 'east', 0], [0.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: magnitude at upper bound', [1.2, 0.0, 'east', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: upside-down reading', [0.0, -1.0, 'east', 0], [180.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration', [0.0, -1.1, 'west', -3], [-177.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)', [-0.5, 0.866, 'west', 5], [25.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 1', [0.25, 0.433, 'west', 2], [None, 'fault']],\n  ['control 2', [0.8485, -0.8485, 'west', -3], [-132.0, 'ok']]],\n [['boundary: magnitude at lower bound', [0.0, 0.8, 'east', 0], [0.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: magnitude at upper bound', [1.2, 0.0, 'east', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: upside-down reading', [0.0, -1.0, 'east', 0], [180.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration', [1.0392, 0.6, 'west', 5], [-65.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)', [-0.7071, 0.7071, 'west', -3],\n   [48.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 1', [0.5657, -0.5657, 'east', -3], [138.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 2', [-0.6, 1.0392, 'east', 0], [-30.0, 'ok']]],\n [['boundary: magnitude at lower bound', [0.0, 0.8, 'east', 0], [0.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: magnitude at upper bound', [1.2, 0.0, 'east', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: upside-down reading', [0.0, -1.0, 'east', 0], [180.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration', [-0.866, -0.5, 'west', 2], [118.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)', [0.8, 0.0, 'west', -3], [-87.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 1', [0.6928, 0.4, 'east', 5], [None, 'fault']],\n  ['control 2', [-0.55, 0.9526, 'east', 2], [-32.0, 'ok']]]]\nfor label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:\n    check(label, solve(*args), expected)\nprint(json.dumps({\"observations\": observations, \"passed\": all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))\nraise SystemExit(0 if all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations) else 1)\n"},"fixed":{"sha256":"af1b1e704a9ea98050dd33b00f3d8e95bb85debe6b4c29999dd86a2d61433d8d","source":"\"\"\"Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only.\"\"\"\nimport json\nimport math\nN = 1\nobservations = []\ndef solve(ax, az, mount, offset):\n    mag = math.hypot(ax, az)\n    if not 0.8 <= mag <= 1.2:\n        return [None, 'fault']\n    ang = math.degrees(math.atan2(ax, az))\n    if mount == 'west':\n        ang = -ang\n    ang -= offset\n    ang = (ang + 180) % 360 - 180\n    if ang == -180:\n        ang = 180.0\n    return [round(ang, 2), 'ok']\ndef check(label, actual, expected):\n    observations.append({\"check\": label, \"actual\": actual, \"expected\": expected, \"passed\": actual == expected})\nfixtures = [[['boundary: magnitude at lower bound', [0.0, 0.8, 'east', 0], [0.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: magnitude at upper bound', [1.2, 0.0, 'east', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: upside-down reading', [0.0, -1.0, 'east', 0], [180.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration', [0.7778, -0.7778, 'west', 5], [-140.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)', [0.55, 0.9526, 'west', 5],\n   [-35.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 1', [-1.1, 0.0, 'west', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 2', [-0.4, 0.6928, 'east', 0], [None, 'fault']]],\n [['boundary: magnitude at lower bound', [0.0, 0.8, 'east', 0], [0.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: magnitude at upper bound', [1.2, 0.0, 'east', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: upside-down reading', [0.0, -1.0, 'east', 0], [180.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration', [0.0, 1.1, 'west', 2], [-2.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)', [0.5657, -0.5657, 'west', 2],\n   [-137.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 1', [-0.7778, 0.7778, 'east', 0], [-45.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 2', [0.0, 1.1, 'east', 2], [-2.0, 'ok']]],\n [['boundary: magnitude at lower bound', [0.0, 0.8, 'east', 0], [0.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: magnitude at upper bound', [1.2, 0.0, 'east', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: upside-down reading', [0.0, -1.0, 'east', 0], [180.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration', [0.0, -1.1, 'west', -3], [-177.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)', [-0.5, 0.866, 'west', 5], [25.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 1', [0.25, 0.433, 'west', 2], [None, 'fault']],\n  ['control 2', [0.8485, -0.8485, 'west', -3], [-132.0, 'ok']]],\n [['boundary: magnitude at lower bound', [0.0, 0.8, 'east', 0], [0.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: magnitude at upper bound', [1.2, 0.0, 'east', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: upside-down reading', [0.0, -1.0, 'east', 0], [180.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration', [1.0392, 0.6, 'west', 5], [-65.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)', [-0.7071, 0.7071, 'west', -3],\n   [48.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 1', [0.5657, -0.5657, 'east', -3], [138.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 2', [-0.6, 1.0392, 'east', 0], [-30.0, 'ok']]],\n [['boundary: magnitude at lower bound', [0.0, 0.8, 'east', 0], [0.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: magnitude at upper bound', [1.2, 0.0, 'east', 0], [90.0, 'ok']],\n  ['boundary: upside-down reading', [0.0, -1.0, 'east', 0], [180.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration', [-0.866, -0.5, 'west', 2], [118.0, 'ok']],\n  ['regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)', [0.8, 0.0, 'west', -3], [-87.0, 'ok']],\n  ['control 1', [0.6928, 0.4, 'east', 5], [None, 'fault']],\n  ['control 2', [-0.55, 0.9526, 'east', 2], [-32.0, 'ok']]]]\nfor label, args, expected in fixtures[N-1]:\n    check(label, solve(*args), expected)\nprint(json.dumps({\"observations\": observations, \"passed\": all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))\nraise SystemExit(0 if all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations) else 1)\n"}},"limitations":"Deterministic stipulated toy contract for teaching; no claim of conformance with any standard, vendor protocol or production controller. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.","method":"Deterministic executable model with adversarial boundary fixtures.","provenance":{"created_by":"Failure Map","dependencies":"Python standard library","family":"w2-solar_tracker_geometry-inclinometer-rotation-flip-before-calibration","generated_at":"2026-09-29T14:51:56.786550+00:00","license":"CC0-1.0","python":"3.12.14","seed":1,"split":"open-access"},"relevance":"Single-axis and dual-axis solar trackers turn a sun direction into actuator commands; a sign, frame or limit mistake points a whole plant away from the sun or into a mechanical stop.","repair":"Flip the raw reading first, then subtract the offset in tracker coordinates.","root_cause":"The offset is subtracted before the mounting flip.","sha256":"712a4e230b1e3531decfa999bdd487ba868586fe27fb0c334514e75c221831cb","title":"Torque-tube inclinometer rotation: flip before calibration · case 01","variant":1,"variant_policy":"Five numbered records share a model and may reuse boundary fixtures.","verification":{"attempt":{"elapsed_ms":39.589,"exit_code":1,"observations":[{"actual":[0.0,"ok"],"check":"boundary: magnitude at lower bound","expected":[0.0,"ok"],"passed":true},{"actual":[90.0,"ok"],"check":"boundary: magnitude at upper bound","expected":[90.0,"ok"],"passed":true},{"actual":[180.0,"ok"],"check":"boundary: upside-down reading","expected":[180.0,"ok"],"passed":true},{"actual":[-130.0,"ok"],"check":"regression: flip before calibration","expected":[-140.0,"ok"],"passed":false},{"actual":[-25.0,"ok"],"check":"regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)","expected":[-35.0,"ok"],"passed":false},{"actual":[90.0,"ok"],"check":"control 1","expected":[90.0,"ok"],"passed":true},{"actual":[null,"fault"],"check":"control 2","expected":[null,"fault"],"passed":true}],"passed":false,"stderr":"","stdout":"{\"observations\": [{\"check\": \"boundary: magnitude at lower bound\", \"actual\": [0.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [0.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"boundary: magnitude at upper bound\", \"actual\": [90.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [90.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"boundary: upside-down reading\", \"actual\": [180.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [180.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"regression: flip before calibration\", \"actual\": [-130.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [-140.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": false}, {\"check\": \"regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)\", \"actual\": [-25.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [-35.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": false}, {\"check\": \"control 1\", \"actual\": [90.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [90.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"control 2\", \"actual\": [null, \"fault\"], \"expected\": [null, \"fault\"], \"passed\": true}], \"passed\": false}\n"},"broken":{"elapsed_ms":40.791,"exit_code":1,"observations":[{"actual":[0.0,"ok"],"check":"boundary: magnitude at lower bound","expected":[0.0,"ok"],"passed":true},{"actual":[90.0,"ok"],"check":"boundary: magnitude at upper bound","expected":[90.0,"ok"],"passed":true},{"actual":[180.0,"ok"],"check":"boundary: upside-down reading","expected":[180.0,"ok"],"passed":true},{"actual":[-130.0,"ok"],"check":"regression: flip before calibration","expected":[-140.0,"ok"],"passed":false},{"actual":[-25.0,"ok"],"check":"regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)","expected":[-35.0,"ok"],"passed":false},{"actual":[90.0,"ok"],"check":"control 1","expected":[90.0,"ok"],"passed":true},{"actual":[null,"fault"],"check":"control 2","expected":[null,"fault"],"passed":true}],"passed":false,"stderr":"","stdout":"{\"observations\": [{\"check\": \"boundary: magnitude at lower bound\", \"actual\": [0.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [0.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"boundary: magnitude at upper bound\", \"actual\": [90.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [90.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"boundary: upside-down reading\", \"actual\": [180.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [180.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"regression: flip before calibration\", \"actual\": [-130.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [-140.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": false}, {\"check\": \"regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)\", \"actual\": [-25.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [-35.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": false}, {\"check\": \"control 1\", \"actual\": [90.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [90.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"control 2\", \"actual\": [null, \"fault\"], \"expected\": [null, \"fault\"], \"passed\": true}], \"passed\": false}\n"},"fixed":{"elapsed_ms":40.486,"exit_code":0,"observations":[{"actual":[0.0,"ok"],"check":"boundary: magnitude at lower bound","expected":[0.0,"ok"],"passed":true},{"actual":[90.0,"ok"],"check":"boundary: magnitude at upper bound","expected":[90.0,"ok"],"passed":true},{"actual":[180.0,"ok"],"check":"boundary: upside-down reading","expected":[180.0,"ok"],"passed":true},{"actual":[-140.0,"ok"],"check":"regression: flip before calibration","expected":[-140.0,"ok"],"passed":true},{"actual":[-35.0,"ok"],"check":"regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)","expected":[-35.0,"ok"],"passed":true},{"actual":[90.0,"ok"],"check":"control 1","expected":[90.0,"ok"],"passed":true},{"actual":[null,"fault"],"check":"control 2","expected":[null,"fault"],"passed":true}],"passed":true,"stderr":"","stdout":"{\"observations\": [{\"check\": \"boundary: magnitude at lower bound\", \"actual\": [0.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [0.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"boundary: magnitude at upper bound\", \"actual\": [90.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [90.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"boundary: upside-down reading\", \"actual\": [180.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [180.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"regression: flip before calibration\", \"actual\": [-140.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [-140.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"regression: flip before calibration (partial repair)\", \"actual\": [-35.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [-35.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"control 1\", \"actual\": [90.0, \"ok\"], \"expected\": [90.0, \"ok\"], \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"control 2\", \"actual\": [null, \"fault\"], \"expected\": [null, \"fault\"], \"passed\": true}], \"passed\": true}\n"}},"verified":true,"visibility":"public"}