{"abstract":"Batch jobs tagged with a new label bypass the reserve and consume capacity meant for critical traffic.","category":"Rate limiter algorithms","checks":7,"contract":"Input {capacity, reserved_high, requests [[t_ms, priority]]} with nondecreasing t, one-second epoch windows. Only the exact label \"high\" is high priority; every other label is low. A high request is admitted while total admitted < capacity. A low request is admitted only while admitted low < capacity - reserved_high and total < capacity. Both counters reset each window. Return [decisions, [low, high] of the final window].","evaluation_group":"w2-rate_limiter_algorithms-priority-reserve","failed_approach":"Adding another label to the high set is a policy change the contract does not allow.","family":"w2-rate_limiter_algorithms-priority-reserve-priority-label","id":"FA-73686","implementations":{"attempt":{"sha256":"415511fdac8ebd9517c70862b2647fd682367ed900d7eca693cc756b1dc71976","source":"\"\"\"Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only.\"\"\"\nimport json\n\nN = 1\nobservations = []\ndef solve(x):\n    cap = x['capacity']\n    res = x['reserved_high']\n    win = None\n    low = high = 0\n    out = []\n    for t, prio in x['requests']:\n        w = t // 1000\n        if w != win:\n            win, low, high = w, 0, 0\n        if prio in ('high', 'critical'):\n            ok = low + high < cap\n        else:\n            ok = low < cap - res and low + high < cap\n        if ok:\n            if prio == 'high':\n                high += 1\n            else:\n                low += 1\n            out.append('allow')\n        else:\n            out.append('deny')\n    return [out, [low, high]]\ndef check(label, actual, expected):\n    observations.append({\"check\": label, \"actual\": actual, \"expected\": expected, \"passed\": actual == expected})\ncases = [[['low traffic cannot take reserve',\n   {'capacity': 5,\n    'requests': [[0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [2, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],\n  ['high traffic blocks low at capacity',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [8, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],\n  ['unknown priority is low',\n   {'capacity': 3,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [4, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],\n  ['custom label cannot claim reserve',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [5, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],\n  ['window reset clears both',\n   {'capacity': 2,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [999, 'low'],\n                 [1000, 'high'],\n                 [1001, 'low'],\n                 [1003, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],\n  ['mixed within reserve',\n   {'capacity': 6,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 3},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],\n  ['random mix',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[23, 'low'],\n                 [30, 'batch'],\n                 [460, 'batch'],\n                 [783, 'low'],\n                 [807, 'high'],\n                 [926, 'low'],\n                 [1133, 'low'],\n                 [1169, 'low'],\n                 [1221, 'high'],\n                 [1686, 'low'],\n                 [1702, 'low'],\n                 [1740, 'low'],\n                 [2424, 'low'],\n                 [2472, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow'],\n    [1, 1]]]],\n [['low traffic cannot take reserve',\n   {'capacity': 5,\n    'requests': [[0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [2, 'high'],\n                 [5, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],\n  ['high traffic blocks low at capacity',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [9, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],\n  ['unknown priority is low',\n   {'capacity': 3,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [5, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],\n  ['custom label cannot claim reserve',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [6, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],\n  ['window reset clears both',\n   {'capacity': 2,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [999, 'low'],\n                 [1000, 'high'],\n                 [1001, 'low'],\n                 [1004, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],\n  ['mixed within reserve',\n   {'capacity': 6,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [2, 'low'],\n                 [2, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 3},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],\n  ['random mix',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[284, 'batch'],\n                 [629, 'low'],\n                 [787, 'low'],\n                 [903, 'low'],\n                 [1032, 'batch'],\n                 [1118, 'high'],\n                 [1495, 'low'],\n                 [1855, 'low'],\n                 [1876, 'low'],\n                 [1919, 'batch'],\n                 [2238, 'high'],\n                 [2382, 'batch'],\n                 [2390, 'high'],\n                 [2492, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow'],\n    [1, 3]]]],\n [['low traffic cannot take reserve',\n   {'capacity': 5,\n    'requests': [[0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [2, 'high'],\n                 [6, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],\n  ['high traffic blocks low at capacity',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [10, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],\n  ['unknown priority is low',\n   {'capacity': 3,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [6, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],\n  ['custom label cannot claim reserve',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [7, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],\n  ['window reset clears both',\n   {'capacity': 2,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [999, 'low'],\n                 [1000, 'high'],\n                 [1001, 'low'],\n                 [1005, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],\n  ['mixed within reserve',\n   {'capacity': 6,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [3, 'low'],\n                 [3, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 3},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],\n  ['random mix',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[99, 'low'],\n                 [696, 'low'],\n                 [811, 'batch'],\n                 [837, 'low'],\n                 [912, 'batch'],\n                 [1070, 'low'],\n                 [1174, 'batch'],\n                 [1400, 'batch'],\n                 [1530, 'low'],\n                 [1887, 'high'],\n                 [1994, 'batch'],\n                 [2235, 'low'],\n                 [2286, 'low'],\n                 [2369, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow'],\n    [2, 1]]]],\n [['low traffic cannot take reserve',\n   {'capacity': 5,\n    'requests': [[0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [2, 'high'],\n                 [7, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],\n  ['high traffic blocks low at capacity',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [11, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],\n  ['unknown priority is low',\n   {'capacity': 3,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [7, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],\n  ['custom label cannot claim reserve',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [8, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],\n  ['window reset clears both',\n   {'capacity': 2,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [999, 'low'],\n                 [1000, 'high'],\n                 [1001, 'low'],\n                 [1006, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],\n  ['mixed within reserve',\n   {'capacity': 6,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [4, 'low'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 3},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],\n  ['random mix',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[279, 'high'],\n                 [550, 'high'],\n                 [665, 'low'],\n                 [940, 'low'],\n                 [1010, 'batch'],\n                 [1022, 'low'],\n                 [1597, 'low'],\n                 [1623, 'batch'],\n                 [1749, 'low'],\n                 [1850, 'low'],\n                 [2025, 'high'],\n                 [2095, 'high'],\n                 [2322, 'low'],\n                 [2325, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow'],\n    [2, 2]]]],\n [['low traffic cannot take reserve',\n   {'capacity': 5,\n    'requests': [[0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [2, 'high'],\n                 [8, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],\n  ['high traffic blocks low at capacity',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [12, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],\n  ['unknown priority is low',\n   {'capacity': 3,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [8, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],\n  ['custom label cannot claim reserve',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [9, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],\n  ['window reset clears both',\n   {'capacity': 2,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [999, 'low'],\n                 [1000, 'high'],\n                 [1001, 'low'],\n                 [1007, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],\n  ['mixed within reserve',\n   {'capacity': 6,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [5, 'low'],\n                 [5, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 3},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],\n  ['random mix',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[249, 'low'],\n                 [476, 'low'],\n                 [620, 'high'],\n                 [621, 'high'],\n                 [646, 'batch'],\n                 [704, 'low'],\n                 [832, 'batch'],\n                 [989, 'batch'],\n                 [1004, 'batch'],\n                 [1140, 'low'],\n                 [1764, 'low'],\n                 [2209, 'high'],\n                 [2225, 'batch'],\n                 [2378, 'batch']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow'],\n    [2, 1]]]]]\nfor label, args, expected in cases[N - 1]:\n    check(label, solve(args), expected)\nprint(json.dumps({\"observations\": observations, \"passed\": all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))\nraise SystemExit(0 if all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations) else 1)\n"},"broken":{"sha256":"93a3a2bec516cae58a1f4bfbff8d12e07c2b135a23f92b212ca9fdff51ddab3b","source":"\"\"\"Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only.\"\"\"\nimport json\n\nN = 1\nobservations = []\ndef solve(x):\n    cap = x['capacity']\n    res = x['reserved_high']\n    win = None\n    low = high = 0\n    out = []\n    for t, prio in x['requests']:\n        w = t // 1000\n        if w != win:\n            win, low, high = w, 0, 0\n        if prio != 'low':\n            ok = low + high < cap\n        else:\n            ok = low < cap - res and low + high < cap\n        if ok:\n            if prio == 'high':\n                high += 1\n            else:\n                low += 1\n            out.append('allow')\n        else:\n            out.append('deny')\n    return [out, [low, high]]\ndef check(label, actual, expected):\n    observations.append({\"check\": label, \"actual\": actual, \"expected\": expected, \"passed\": actual == expected})\ncases = [[['low traffic cannot take reserve',\n   {'capacity': 5,\n    'requests': [[0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [2, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],\n  ['high traffic blocks low at capacity',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [8, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],\n  ['unknown priority is low',\n   {'capacity': 3,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [4, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],\n  ['custom label cannot claim reserve',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [5, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],\n  ['window reset clears both',\n   {'capacity': 2,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [999, 'low'],\n                 [1000, 'high'],\n                 [1001, 'low'],\n                 [1003, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],\n  ['mixed within reserve',\n   {'capacity': 6,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 3},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],\n  ['random mix',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[23, 'low'],\n                 [30, 'batch'],\n                 [460, 'batch'],\n                 [783, 'low'],\n                 [807, 'high'],\n                 [926, 'low'],\n                 [1133, 'low'],\n                 [1169, 'low'],\n                 [1221, 'high'],\n                 [1686, 'low'],\n                 [1702, 'low'],\n                 [1740, 'low'],\n                 [2424, 'low'],\n                 [2472, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow'],\n    [1, 1]]]],\n [['low traffic cannot take reserve',\n   {'capacity': 5,\n    'requests': [[0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [2, 'high'],\n                 [5, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],\n  ['high traffic blocks low at capacity',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [9, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],\n  ['unknown priority is low',\n   {'capacity': 3,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [5, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],\n  ['custom label cannot claim reserve',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [6, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],\n  ['window reset clears both',\n   {'capacity': 2,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [999, 'low'],\n                 [1000, 'high'],\n                 [1001, 'low'],\n                 [1004, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],\n  ['mixed within reserve',\n   {'capacity': 6,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [2, 'low'],\n                 [2, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 3},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],\n  ['random mix',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[284, 'batch'],\n                 [629, 'low'],\n                 [787, 'low'],\n                 [903, 'low'],\n                 [1032, 'batch'],\n                 [1118, 'high'],\n                 [1495, 'low'],\n                 [1855, 'low'],\n                 [1876, 'low'],\n                 [1919, 'batch'],\n                 [2238, 'high'],\n                 [2382, 'batch'],\n                 [2390, 'high'],\n                 [2492, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow'],\n    [1, 3]]]],\n [['low traffic cannot take reserve',\n   {'capacity': 5,\n    'requests': [[0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [2, 'high'],\n                 [6, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],\n  ['high traffic blocks low at capacity',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [10, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],\n  ['unknown priority is low',\n   {'capacity': 3,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [6, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],\n  ['custom label cannot claim reserve',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [7, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],\n  ['window reset clears both',\n   {'capacity': 2,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [999, 'low'],\n                 [1000, 'high'],\n                 [1001, 'low'],\n                 [1005, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],\n  ['mixed within reserve',\n   {'capacity': 6,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [3, 'low'],\n                 [3, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 3},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],\n  ['random mix',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[99, 'low'],\n                 [696, 'low'],\n                 [811, 'batch'],\n                 [837, 'low'],\n                 [912, 'batch'],\n                 [1070, 'low'],\n                 [1174, 'batch'],\n                 [1400, 'batch'],\n                 [1530, 'low'],\n                 [1887, 'high'],\n                 [1994, 'batch'],\n                 [2235, 'low'],\n                 [2286, 'low'],\n                 [2369, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow'],\n    [2, 1]]]],\n [['low traffic cannot take reserve',\n   {'capacity': 5,\n    'requests': [[0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [2, 'high'],\n                 [7, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],\n  ['high traffic blocks low at capacity',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [11, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],\n  ['unknown priority is low',\n   {'capacity': 3,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [7, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],\n  ['custom label cannot claim reserve',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [8, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],\n  ['window reset clears both',\n   {'capacity': 2,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [999, 'low'],\n                 [1000, 'high'],\n                 [1001, 'low'],\n                 [1006, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],\n  ['mixed within reserve',\n   {'capacity': 6,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [4, 'low'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 3},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],\n  ['random mix',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[279, 'high'],\n                 [550, 'high'],\n                 [665, 'low'],\n                 [940, 'low'],\n                 [1010, 'batch'],\n                 [1022, 'low'],\n                 [1597, 'low'],\n                 [1623, 'batch'],\n                 [1749, 'low'],\n                 [1850, 'low'],\n                 [2025, 'high'],\n                 [2095, 'high'],\n                 [2322, 'low'],\n                 [2325, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow'],\n    [2, 2]]]],\n [['low traffic cannot take reserve',\n   {'capacity': 5,\n    'requests': [[0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [2, 'high'],\n                 [8, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],\n  ['high traffic blocks low at capacity',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [12, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],\n  ['unknown priority is low',\n   {'capacity': 3,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [8, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],\n  ['custom label cannot claim reserve',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [9, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],\n  ['window reset clears both',\n   {'capacity': 2,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [999, 'low'],\n                 [1000, 'high'],\n                 [1001, 'low'],\n                 [1007, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],\n  ['mixed within reserve',\n   {'capacity': 6,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [5, 'low'],\n                 [5, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 3},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],\n  ['random mix',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[249, 'low'],\n                 [476, 'low'],\n                 [620, 'high'],\n                 [621, 'high'],\n                 [646, 'batch'],\n                 [704, 'low'],\n                 [832, 'batch'],\n                 [989, 'batch'],\n                 [1004, 'batch'],\n                 [1140, 'low'],\n                 [1764, 'low'],\n                 [2209, 'high'],\n                 [2225, 'batch'],\n                 [2378, 'batch']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow'],\n    [2, 1]]]]]\nfor label, args, expected in cases[N - 1]:\n    check(label, solve(args), expected)\nprint(json.dumps({\"observations\": observations, \"passed\": all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))\nraise SystemExit(0 if all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations) else 1)\n"},"fixed":{"sha256":"92e658a00a05b3fed2ae53992993c753ba5a6f179aa28bf20adc1a9c1da31f76","source":"\"\"\"Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only.\"\"\"\nimport json\n\nN = 1\nobservations = []\ndef solve(x):\n    cap = x['capacity']\n    res = x['reserved_high']\n    win = None\n    low = high = 0\n    out = []\n    for t, prio in x['requests']:\n        w = t // 1000\n        if w != win:\n            win, low, high = w, 0, 0\n        if prio == 'high':\n            ok = low + high < cap\n        else:\n            ok = low < cap - res and low + high < cap\n        if ok:\n            if prio == 'high':\n                high += 1\n            else:\n                low += 1\n            out.append('allow')\n        else:\n            out.append('deny')\n    return [out, [low, high]]\ndef check(label, actual, expected):\n    observations.append({\"check\": label, \"actual\": actual, \"expected\": expected, \"passed\": actual == expected})\ncases = [[['low traffic cannot take reserve',\n   {'capacity': 5,\n    'requests': [[0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [2, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],\n  ['high traffic blocks low at capacity',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [8, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],\n  ['unknown priority is low',\n   {'capacity': 3,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [4, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],\n  ['custom label cannot claim reserve',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [5, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],\n  ['window reset clears both',\n   {'capacity': 2,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [999, 'low'],\n                 [1000, 'high'],\n                 [1001, 'low'],\n                 [1003, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],\n  ['mixed within reserve',\n   {'capacity': 6,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 3},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],\n  ['random mix',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[23, 'low'],\n                 [30, 'batch'],\n                 [460, 'batch'],\n                 [783, 'low'],\n                 [807, 'high'],\n                 [926, 'low'],\n                 [1133, 'low'],\n                 [1169, 'low'],\n                 [1221, 'high'],\n                 [1686, 'low'],\n                 [1702, 'low'],\n                 [1740, 'low'],\n                 [2424, 'low'],\n                 [2472, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow'],\n    [1, 1]]]],\n [['low traffic cannot take reserve',\n   {'capacity': 5,\n    'requests': [[0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [2, 'high'],\n                 [5, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],\n  ['high traffic blocks low at capacity',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [9, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],\n  ['unknown priority is low',\n   {'capacity': 3,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [5, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],\n  ['custom label cannot claim reserve',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [6, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],\n  ['window reset clears both',\n   {'capacity': 2,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [999, 'low'],\n                 [1000, 'high'],\n                 [1001, 'low'],\n                 [1004, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],\n  ['mixed within reserve',\n   {'capacity': 6,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [2, 'low'],\n                 [2, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 3},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],\n  ['random mix',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[284, 'batch'],\n                 [629, 'low'],\n                 [787, 'low'],\n                 [903, 'low'],\n                 [1032, 'batch'],\n                 [1118, 'high'],\n                 [1495, 'low'],\n                 [1855, 'low'],\n                 [1876, 'low'],\n                 [1919, 'batch'],\n                 [2238, 'high'],\n                 [2382, 'batch'],\n                 [2390, 'high'],\n                 [2492, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow'],\n    [1, 3]]]],\n [['low traffic cannot take reserve',\n   {'capacity': 5,\n    'requests': [[0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [2, 'high'],\n                 [6, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],\n  ['high traffic blocks low at capacity',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [10, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],\n  ['unknown priority is low',\n   {'capacity': 3,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [6, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],\n  ['custom label cannot claim reserve',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [7, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],\n  ['window reset clears both',\n   {'capacity': 2,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [999, 'low'],\n                 [1000, 'high'],\n                 [1001, 'low'],\n                 [1005, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],\n  ['mixed within reserve',\n   {'capacity': 6,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [3, 'low'],\n                 [3, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 3},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],\n  ['random mix',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[99, 'low'],\n                 [696, 'low'],\n                 [811, 'batch'],\n                 [837, 'low'],\n                 [912, 'batch'],\n                 [1070, 'low'],\n                 [1174, 'batch'],\n                 [1400, 'batch'],\n                 [1530, 'low'],\n                 [1887, 'high'],\n                 [1994, 'batch'],\n                 [2235, 'low'],\n                 [2286, 'low'],\n                 [2369, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow'],\n    [2, 1]]]],\n [['low traffic cannot take reserve',\n   {'capacity': 5,\n    'requests': [[0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [2, 'high'],\n                 [7, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],\n  ['high traffic blocks low at capacity',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [11, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],\n  ['unknown priority is low',\n   {'capacity': 3,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [7, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],\n  ['custom label cannot claim reserve',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [8, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],\n  ['window reset clears both',\n   {'capacity': 2,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [999, 'low'],\n                 [1000, 'high'],\n                 [1001, 'low'],\n                 [1006, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],\n  ['mixed within reserve',\n   {'capacity': 6,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [4, 'low'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 3},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],\n  ['random mix',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[279, 'high'],\n                 [550, 'high'],\n                 [665, 'low'],\n                 [940, 'low'],\n                 [1010, 'batch'],\n                 [1022, 'low'],\n                 [1597, 'low'],\n                 [1623, 'batch'],\n                 [1749, 'low'],\n                 [1850, 'low'],\n                 [2025, 'high'],\n                 [2095, 'high'],\n                 [2322, 'low'],\n                 [2325, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow'],\n    [2, 2]]]],\n [['low traffic cannot take reserve',\n   {'capacity': 5,\n    'requests': [[0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [2, 'high'],\n                 [8, 'high'],\n                 [4, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [3, 2]]],\n  ['high traffic blocks low at capacity',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [0, 'high'], [5, 'low'], [6, 'low'], [12, 'low']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'deny'], [1, 3]]],\n  ['unknown priority is low',\n   {'capacity': 3,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'critical'], [2, 'batch'], [8, 'high'], [4, 'critical']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'deny'], [2, 1]]],\n  ['custom label cannot claim reserve',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[0, 'batch'], [1, 'batch'], [2, 'critical'], [3, 'high'], [9, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow'], [2, 2]]],\n  ['window reset clears both',\n   {'capacity': 2,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [1, 'high'],\n                 [999, 'low'],\n                 [1000, 'high'],\n                 [1001, 'low'],\n                 [1007, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 1},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny'], [1, 1]]],\n  ['mixed within reserve',\n   {'capacity': 6,\n    'requests': [[0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'high'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [0, 'low'],\n                 [5, 'low'],\n                 [5, 'high']],\n    'reserved_high': 3},\n   [['allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'allow', 'deny', 'allow'], [3, 3]]],\n  ['random mix',\n   {'capacity': 4,\n    'requests': [[249, 'low'],\n                 [476, 'low'],\n                 [620, 'high'],\n                 [621, 'high'],\n                 [646, 'batch'],\n                 [704, 'low'],\n                 [832, 'batch'],\n                 [989, 'batch'],\n                 [1004, 'batch'],\n                 [1140, 'low'],\n                 [1764, 'low'],\n                 [2209, 'high'],\n                 [2225, 'batch'],\n                 [2378, 'batch']],\n    'reserved_high': 2},\n   [['allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'deny',\n     'allow',\n     'allow',\n     'allow'],\n    [2, 1]]]]]\nfor label, args, expected in cases[N - 1]:\n    check(label, solve(args), expected)\nprint(json.dumps({\"observations\": observations, \"passed\": all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))\nraise SystemExit(0 if all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations) else 1)\n"}},"limitations":"A deterministic, bounded teaching model with stipulated constants and pre-hashed or explicitly hashed inputs; it is not a production implementation and makes no claim of conformance to any library or paper beyond the stated contract. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.","method":"Deterministic executable model with adversarial boundary fixtures.","provenance":{"created_by":"Failure Map","dependencies":"Python standard library","family":"w2-rate_limiter_algorithms-priority-reserve-priority-label","generated_at":"2026-09-29T14:48:49.859196+00:00","license":"CC0-1.0","python":"3.12.14","seed":1,"split":"open-access"},"relevance":"Shared limiters reserve headroom for critical traffic (health checks, payments) so that bulk clients cannot starve it; the reserve arithmetic decides whether the guarantee holds.","repair":"Treat only the exact label \"high\" as high priority.","root_cause":"Any label other than \"low\" is treated as high priority.","sha256":"4c61a0cea96055c6e2cc9cb18f66c376706572bbc0a17ca85721c2bde8c90752","title":"Priority limiter with reserved high-priority capacity: unknown labels treated as high · 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