{"abstract":"Swapped phase picks still produce a magnitude.","category":"Seismic magnitude estimation","checks":8,"contract":"Zero-to-peak amplitude in mm and P and S arrival times in s. dt = tS - tP must be positive and amplitude positive, else None. ML = log10 A + 3 log10(8 dt) - 2.92, rounded 0.01.","evaluation_group":"w2-seismic_magnitude_estimation-s-minus-p-nomogram","failed_approach":"Subtracting in the opposite order rejects every valid pick pair.","family":"w2-seismic_magnitude_estimation-s-minus-p-nomogram-arrival-order","id":"FA-71791","implementations":{"attempt":{"sha256":"7dc467e8662f9f1f65066a50e2ed10d1a04b4224806caf9b19f7448a4a07354e","source":"\"\"\"Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only.\"\"\"\nimport json\nimport math\nN = 1\nobservations = []\ndef solve(amp_mm, t_p, t_s):\n    dt = t_p - t_s\n    if dt <= 0 or amp_mm <= 0:\n        return None\n    ml = math.log10(amp_mm) + 3 * math.log10(8 * dt) - 2.92\n    return round(ml, 2)\ndef check(label, actual, expected):\n    observations.append({\"check\": label, \"actual\": actual, \"expected\": expected, \"passed\": actual == expected})\nfixtures = [[['A 0.001 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [0.001, 10.0, 12.5], -2.02], ['A 0.001 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.001, 3.2, 8.7], -0.99], ['A 0.001 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [0.001, 100.0, 160.0], 2.12], ['A 0.001 mm P 5.0 S 5.0', [0.001, 5.0, 5.0], None], ['A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.001, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.001 mm P 0.0 S 1.0', [0.001, 0.0, 1.0], -3.21], ['A 0.5 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [0.5, 10.0, 12.5], 0.68], ['A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.5, 3.2, 8.7], 1.71]], [['A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.001, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.5, 3.2, 8.7], 1.71], ['A 0.5 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [0.5, 100.0, 160.0], 4.82], ['A 0.5 mm P 5.0 S 5.0', [0.5, 5.0, 5.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.5, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 0.0 S 1.0', [0.5, 0.0, 1.0], -0.51], ['A 23.0 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [23.0, 10.0, 12.5], 2.34], ['A 23.0 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [23.0, 3.2, 8.7], 3.37]], [['A 0.001 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [0.001, 10.0, 12.5], -2.02], ['A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.001, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 23.0 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [23.0, 3.2, 8.7], 3.37], ['A 23.0 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [23.0, 100.0, 160.0], 6.49], ['A 23.0 mm P 5.0 S 5.0', [23.0, 5.0, 5.0], None], ['A 23.0 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [23.0, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 23.0 mm P 0.0 S 1.0', [23.0, 0.0, 1.0], 1.15], ['zero amplitude', [0.0, 1.0, 3.0], None]], [['A 0.001 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.001, 3.2, 8.7], -0.99], ['A 0.001 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [0.001, 100.0, 160.0], 2.12], ['A 0.001 mm P 5.0 S 5.0', [0.001, 5.0, 5.0], None], ['A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.001, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.001 mm P 0.0 S 1.0', [0.001, 0.0, 1.0], -3.21], ['A 0.5 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [0.5, 10.0, 12.5], 0.68], ['A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.5, 3.2, 8.7], 1.71], ['A 0.5 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [0.5, 100.0, 160.0], 4.82]], [['A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.001, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.5, 3.2, 8.7], 1.71], ['A 0.5 mm P 5.0 S 5.0', [0.5, 5.0, 5.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.5, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 0.0 S 1.0', [0.5, 0.0, 1.0], -0.51], ['A 23.0 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [23.0, 10.0, 12.5], 2.34], ['A 23.0 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [23.0, 3.2, 8.7], 3.37], ['A 23.0 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [23.0, 100.0, 160.0], 6.49]]]\nfor label, args, expected in fixtures[N - 1]:\n    check(label, solve(*args), expected)\nprint(json.dumps({\"observations\": observations, \"passed\": all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))\nraise SystemExit(0 if all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations) else 1)\n"},"broken":{"sha256":"1632766ca295fbecad447773ce17e7b3d4461a6a5f860d968a381383854176b9","source":"\"\"\"Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only.\"\"\"\nimport json\nimport math\nN = 1\nobservations = []\ndef solve(amp_mm, t_p, t_s):\n    dt = abs(t_s - t_p)\n    if dt <= 0 or amp_mm <= 0:\n        return None\n    ml = math.log10(amp_mm) + 3 * math.log10(8 * dt) - 2.92\n    return round(ml, 2)\ndef check(label, actual, expected):\n    observations.append({\"check\": label, \"actual\": actual, \"expected\": expected, \"passed\": actual == expected})\nfixtures = [[['A 0.001 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [0.001, 10.0, 12.5], -2.02], ['A 0.001 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.001, 3.2, 8.7], -0.99], ['A 0.001 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [0.001, 100.0, 160.0], 2.12], ['A 0.001 mm P 5.0 S 5.0', [0.001, 5.0, 5.0], None], ['A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.001, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.001 mm P 0.0 S 1.0', [0.001, 0.0, 1.0], -3.21], ['A 0.5 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [0.5, 10.0, 12.5], 0.68], ['A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.5, 3.2, 8.7], 1.71]], [['A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.001, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.5, 3.2, 8.7], 1.71], ['A 0.5 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [0.5, 100.0, 160.0], 4.82], ['A 0.5 mm P 5.0 S 5.0', [0.5, 5.0, 5.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.5, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 0.0 S 1.0', [0.5, 0.0, 1.0], -0.51], ['A 23.0 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [23.0, 10.0, 12.5], 2.34], ['A 23.0 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [23.0, 3.2, 8.7], 3.37]], [['A 0.001 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [0.001, 10.0, 12.5], -2.02], ['A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.001, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 23.0 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [23.0, 3.2, 8.7], 3.37], ['A 23.0 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [23.0, 100.0, 160.0], 6.49], ['A 23.0 mm P 5.0 S 5.0', [23.0, 5.0, 5.0], None], ['A 23.0 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [23.0, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 23.0 mm P 0.0 S 1.0', [23.0, 0.0, 1.0], 1.15], ['zero amplitude', [0.0, 1.0, 3.0], None]], [['A 0.001 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.001, 3.2, 8.7], -0.99], ['A 0.001 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [0.001, 100.0, 160.0], 2.12], ['A 0.001 mm P 5.0 S 5.0', [0.001, 5.0, 5.0], None], ['A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.001, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.001 mm P 0.0 S 1.0', [0.001, 0.0, 1.0], -3.21], ['A 0.5 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [0.5, 10.0, 12.5], 0.68], ['A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.5, 3.2, 8.7], 1.71], ['A 0.5 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [0.5, 100.0, 160.0], 4.82]], [['A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.001, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.5, 3.2, 8.7], 1.71], ['A 0.5 mm P 5.0 S 5.0', [0.5, 5.0, 5.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.5, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 0.0 S 1.0', [0.5, 0.0, 1.0], -0.51], ['A 23.0 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [23.0, 10.0, 12.5], 2.34], ['A 23.0 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [23.0, 3.2, 8.7], 3.37], ['A 23.0 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [23.0, 100.0, 160.0], 6.49]]]\nfor label, args, expected in fixtures[N - 1]:\n    check(label, solve(*args), expected)\nprint(json.dumps({\"observations\": observations, \"passed\": all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))\nraise SystemExit(0 if all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations) else 1)\n"},"fixed":{"sha256":"e418fefbd8c27064dd41b57d009d80aa10735247b64240a5a5196e5a125afc59","source":"\"\"\"Failure Map reference implementation. Python standard library only.\"\"\"\nimport json\nimport math\nN = 1\nobservations = []\ndef solve(amp_mm, t_p, t_s):\n    dt = t_s - t_p\n    if dt <= 0 or amp_mm <= 0:\n        return None\n    ml = math.log10(amp_mm) + 3 * math.log10(8 * dt) - 2.92\n    return round(ml, 2)\ndef check(label, actual, expected):\n    observations.append({\"check\": label, \"actual\": actual, \"expected\": expected, \"passed\": actual == expected})\nfixtures = [[['A 0.001 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [0.001, 10.0, 12.5], -2.02], ['A 0.001 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.001, 3.2, 8.7], -0.99], ['A 0.001 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [0.001, 100.0, 160.0], 2.12], ['A 0.001 mm P 5.0 S 5.0', [0.001, 5.0, 5.0], None], ['A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.001, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.001 mm P 0.0 S 1.0', [0.001, 0.0, 1.0], -3.21], ['A 0.5 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [0.5, 10.0, 12.5], 0.68], ['A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.5, 3.2, 8.7], 1.71]], [['A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.001, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.5, 3.2, 8.7], 1.71], ['A 0.5 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [0.5, 100.0, 160.0], 4.82], ['A 0.5 mm P 5.0 S 5.0', [0.5, 5.0, 5.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.5, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 0.0 S 1.0', [0.5, 0.0, 1.0], -0.51], ['A 23.0 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [23.0, 10.0, 12.5], 2.34], ['A 23.0 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [23.0, 3.2, 8.7], 3.37]], [['A 0.001 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [0.001, 10.0, 12.5], -2.02], ['A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.001, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 23.0 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [23.0, 3.2, 8.7], 3.37], ['A 23.0 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [23.0, 100.0, 160.0], 6.49], ['A 23.0 mm P 5.0 S 5.0', [23.0, 5.0, 5.0], None], ['A 23.0 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [23.0, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 23.0 mm P 0.0 S 1.0', [23.0, 0.0, 1.0], 1.15], ['zero amplitude', [0.0, 1.0, 3.0], None]], [['A 0.001 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.001, 3.2, 8.7], -0.99], ['A 0.001 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [0.001, 100.0, 160.0], 2.12], ['A 0.001 mm P 5.0 S 5.0', [0.001, 5.0, 5.0], None], ['A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.001, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.001 mm P 0.0 S 1.0', [0.001, 0.0, 1.0], -3.21], ['A 0.5 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [0.5, 10.0, 12.5], 0.68], ['A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.5, 3.2, 8.7], 1.71], ['A 0.5 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [0.5, 100.0, 160.0], 4.82]], [['A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.001, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [0.5, 3.2, 8.7], 1.71], ['A 0.5 mm P 5.0 S 5.0', [0.5, 5.0, 5.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 7.0 S 6.0', [0.5, 7.0, 6.0], None], ['A 0.5 mm P 0.0 S 1.0', [0.5, 0.0, 1.0], -0.51], ['A 23.0 mm P 10.0 S 12.5', [23.0, 10.0, 12.5], 2.34], ['A 23.0 mm P 3.2 S 8.7', [23.0, 3.2, 8.7], 3.37], ['A 23.0 mm P 100.0 S 160.0', [23.0, 100.0, 160.0], 6.49]]]\nfor label, args, expected in fixtures[N - 1]:\n    check(label, solve(*args), expected)\nprint(json.dumps({\"observations\": observations, \"passed\": all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations)}, ensure_ascii=False))\nraise SystemExit(0 if all(x[\"passed\"] for x in observations) else 1)\n"}},"limitations":"Stipulated deterministic teaching model of a seismological magnitude procedure; constants and tables are fixed by the contract and no claim of agency or standards conformance is made. This reproducer isolates one failure mechanism. Results cover the supplied fixtures. Variants within a family share a test contract and should remain grouped when constructing evaluation splits. Related mechanisms with a shared evaluation_group must also remain together; these controlled models are not independent production incidents.","method":"Deterministic executable model with adversarial boundary fixtures.","provenance":{"created_by":"Failure Map","dependencies":"Python standard library","family":"w2-seismic_magnitude_estimation-s-minus-p-nomogram-arrival-order","generated_at":"2026-09-29T14:48:32.827860+00:00","license":"CC0-1.0","python":"3.12.14","seed":1,"split":"open-access"},"relevance":"Field seismologists read ML from the S-P interval and amplitude nomogram.","repair":"Use tS - tP and reject non-positive intervals.","root_cause":"The S-P interval takes an absolute value, accepting an S pick before P.","sha256":"e163a56eeef28599be994b7928e98725f7335b23c0c057c4d22f5e52900ea6ff","title":"S-P nomogram local magnitude: arrival order · case 01","variant":1,"variant_policy":"Five numbered records share a model and may reuse boundary fixtures.","verification":{"attempt":{"elapsed_ms":40.247,"exit_code":1,"observations":[{"actual":null,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 10.0 S 12.5","expected":-2.02,"passed":false},{"actual":null,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 3.2 S 8.7","expected":-0.99,"passed":false},{"actual":null,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 100.0 S 160.0","expected":2.12,"passed":false},{"actual":null,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 5.0 S 5.0","expected":null,"passed":true},{"actual":-3.21,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0","expected":null,"passed":false},{"actual":null,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 0.0 S 1.0","expected":-3.21,"passed":false},{"actual":null,"check":"A 0.5 mm P 10.0 S 12.5","expected":0.68,"passed":false},{"actual":null,"check":"A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7","expected":1.71,"passed":false}],"passed":false,"stderr":"","stdout":"{\"observations\": [{\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 10.0 S 12.5\", \"actual\": null, \"expected\": -2.02, \"passed\": false}, {\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 3.2 S 8.7\", \"actual\": null, \"expected\": -0.99, \"passed\": false}, {\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 100.0 S 160.0\", \"actual\": null, \"expected\": 2.12, \"passed\": false}, {\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 5.0 S 5.0\", \"actual\": null, \"expected\": null, \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0\", \"actual\": -3.21, \"expected\": null, \"passed\": false}, {\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 0.0 S 1.0\", \"actual\": null, \"expected\": -3.21, \"passed\": false}, {\"check\": \"A 0.5 mm P 10.0 S 12.5\", \"actual\": null, \"expected\": 0.68, \"passed\": false}, {\"check\": \"A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7\", \"actual\": null, \"expected\": 1.71, \"passed\": false}], \"passed\": false}\n"},"broken":{"elapsed_ms":36.966,"exit_code":1,"observations":[{"actual":-2.02,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 10.0 S 12.5","expected":-2.02,"passed":true},{"actual":-0.99,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 3.2 S 8.7","expected":-0.99,"passed":true},{"actual":2.12,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 100.0 S 160.0","expected":2.12,"passed":true},{"actual":null,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 5.0 S 5.0","expected":null,"passed":true},{"actual":-3.21,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0","expected":null,"passed":false},{"actual":-3.21,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 0.0 S 1.0","expected":-3.21,"passed":true},{"actual":0.68,"check":"A 0.5 mm P 10.0 S 12.5","expected":0.68,"passed":true},{"actual":1.71,"check":"A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7","expected":1.71,"passed":true}],"passed":false,"stderr":"","stdout":"{\"observations\": [{\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 10.0 S 12.5\", \"actual\": -2.02, \"expected\": -2.02, \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 3.2 S 8.7\", \"actual\": -0.99, \"expected\": -0.99, \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 100.0 S 160.0\", \"actual\": 2.12, \"expected\": 2.12, \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 5.0 S 5.0\", \"actual\": null, \"expected\": null, \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0\", \"actual\": -3.21, \"expected\": null, \"passed\": false}, {\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 0.0 S 1.0\", \"actual\": -3.21, \"expected\": -3.21, \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"A 0.5 mm P 10.0 S 12.5\", \"actual\": 0.68, \"expected\": 0.68, \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7\", \"actual\": 1.71, \"expected\": 1.71, \"passed\": true}], \"passed\": false}\n"},"fixed":{"elapsed_ms":39.062,"exit_code":0,"observations":[{"actual":-2.02,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 10.0 S 12.5","expected":-2.02,"passed":true},{"actual":-0.99,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 3.2 S 8.7","expected":-0.99,"passed":true},{"actual":2.12,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 100.0 S 160.0","expected":2.12,"passed":true},{"actual":null,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 5.0 S 5.0","expected":null,"passed":true},{"actual":null,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0","expected":null,"passed":true},{"actual":-3.21,"check":"A 0.001 mm P 0.0 S 1.0","expected":-3.21,"passed":true},{"actual":0.68,"check":"A 0.5 mm P 10.0 S 12.5","expected":0.68,"passed":true},{"actual":1.71,"check":"A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7","expected":1.71,"passed":true}],"passed":true,"stderr":"","stdout":"{\"observations\": [{\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 10.0 S 12.5\", \"actual\": -2.02, \"expected\": -2.02, \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 3.2 S 8.7\", \"actual\": -0.99, \"expected\": -0.99, \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 100.0 S 160.0\", \"actual\": 2.12, \"expected\": 2.12, \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 5.0 S 5.0\", \"actual\": null, \"expected\": null, \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 7.0 S 6.0\", \"actual\": null, \"expected\": null, \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"A 0.001 mm P 0.0 S 1.0\", \"actual\": -3.21, \"expected\": -3.21, \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"A 0.5 mm P 10.0 S 12.5\", \"actual\": 0.68, \"expected\": 0.68, \"passed\": true}, {\"check\": \"A 0.5 mm P 3.2 S 8.7\", \"actual\": 1.71, \"expected\": 1.71, \"passed\": true}], \"passed\": true}\n"}},"verified":true,"visibility":"public"}